IND 123 MIDTERM COMPREHENSIVE SCRIPT
2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GUARANTEED TO PASS
◉ Academic Classicism (as a development from Renaissance).
Answer: * Roots in Renaissance critique of medieval architecture
(deficient in grace and proportion)
* Found solution of critique in ancient Roman architecture
(geometry, space, proportions)
* Resulted in proportions from architectural orders and
understandable space
- - arch went from a craft guild toan intellectuall activity as well as
painting and sculpture.
* The development of the academy (organize professions, discuss
theory, train young professionals)
◉ Beaux Arts (academic classicism). Answer: the Ecole des Beaux-
Arts in Paris propagated an academic tradition of classical
architecture; it came to represent an entire movement in early
Modern architecture. It actually allowed for a variety of architectural
languages but stressed finding an architectural CHARACTER that
was appropriate for each commission. Resulting projects were often
depicted by watercolor washes, and had clear yet beautiful
circulation patterns.
,◉ Arts and Crafts. Answer: a reform movement that proposed a
revival of crafts (especially the minor arts, objectsactually produced
by the designer in a small workshop) as the agent for economic
justice, social improve-ment and artistic renewal. The works ideally
looked like they were produced by hand, according to
traditionalmethods. They used local materials and followed local
and traditional forms. The works often have a dis-tinctly medieval
character to them, demonstrating their connection to the Gothic
Revival.
◉ Red House. Answer: Philip Webb (Bexley Heath, 1850s)
* commissioned for William Morris
sources of vernacular architecture - medieval
clay tile, brick
designed in conjunction with the craftsman for the project
arts and crafts
◉ Neoclassicism. Answer: copy of classical design whereas academic
classicism/ beaux arts was a creative reuse)
◉ Picturesque. Answer: i) non axial, non linear, lead by visual cues)
ii) fictive history
, iii) eclectic sources (not greek or roman mostly asian, ruins, or
gothic)
◉ Industrial Revolution. Answer: * new materials (iron and glass)
* urban areas in need for reform
◉ William Morris. Answer: Founder of the Arts and Crafts
movement. This movement rejected mass production of products
and sought to revitalize careful hand production of goods.
* through firm starting w furniture
◉ Rationalism. Answer: a reaction to eclecticism, and a response to
new materials and new building types. In a search for the
appropriate architecture for the modern era, Rationalists were often
inspired by works of engineering. Seeking to make use of new
materials, they advocated studying and employing the capabilities of
iron, steel, sheet glass, and concrete. Seeking solutions to new
building programs resulting from social and economic
developments, they sought straightforward, logical planning. In all of
their efforts, they advocated a building devoid of applied decoration
and historical references.
repeatable forms fitting generalized needs
2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GUARANTEED TO PASS
◉ Academic Classicism (as a development from Renaissance).
Answer: * Roots in Renaissance critique of medieval architecture
(deficient in grace and proportion)
* Found solution of critique in ancient Roman architecture
(geometry, space, proportions)
* Resulted in proportions from architectural orders and
understandable space
- - arch went from a craft guild toan intellectuall activity as well as
painting and sculpture.
* The development of the academy (organize professions, discuss
theory, train young professionals)
◉ Beaux Arts (academic classicism). Answer: the Ecole des Beaux-
Arts in Paris propagated an academic tradition of classical
architecture; it came to represent an entire movement in early
Modern architecture. It actually allowed for a variety of architectural
languages but stressed finding an architectural CHARACTER that
was appropriate for each commission. Resulting projects were often
depicted by watercolor washes, and had clear yet beautiful
circulation patterns.
,◉ Arts and Crafts. Answer: a reform movement that proposed a
revival of crafts (especially the minor arts, objectsactually produced
by the designer in a small workshop) as the agent for economic
justice, social improve-ment and artistic renewal. The works ideally
looked like they were produced by hand, according to
traditionalmethods. They used local materials and followed local
and traditional forms. The works often have a dis-tinctly medieval
character to them, demonstrating their connection to the Gothic
Revival.
◉ Red House. Answer: Philip Webb (Bexley Heath, 1850s)
* commissioned for William Morris
sources of vernacular architecture - medieval
clay tile, brick
designed in conjunction with the craftsman for the project
arts and crafts
◉ Neoclassicism. Answer: copy of classical design whereas academic
classicism/ beaux arts was a creative reuse)
◉ Picturesque. Answer: i) non axial, non linear, lead by visual cues)
ii) fictive history
, iii) eclectic sources (not greek or roman mostly asian, ruins, or
gothic)
◉ Industrial Revolution. Answer: * new materials (iron and glass)
* urban areas in need for reform
◉ William Morris. Answer: Founder of the Arts and Crafts
movement. This movement rejected mass production of products
and sought to revitalize careful hand production of goods.
* through firm starting w furniture
◉ Rationalism. Answer: a reaction to eclecticism, and a response to
new materials and new building types. In a search for the
appropriate architecture for the modern era, Rationalists were often
inspired by works of engineering. Seeking to make use of new
materials, they advocated studying and employing the capabilities of
iron, steel, sheet glass, and concrete. Seeking solutions to new
building programs resulting from social and economic
developments, they sought straightforward, logical planning. In all of
their efforts, they advocated a building devoid of applied decoration
and historical references.
repeatable forms fitting generalized needs
