LIFESCIENC 7C UPDATED SCRIPT 2026
PRACTICE SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
● How do cells communicate? Answer: Through molecular signals
● What are gap junctions? Answer: (communicating junctions) provide
cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells
● What are the two things that influence cell activity? Answer: physical
environment and neighboring cells/nearby/distant
● What are the 4 things that contribute to communication by chemical
signals? Answer: signaling cell, signaling molecule, receptor protein,
and responding cell.
● what does binding cause?
what is the process after receptor activation? Answer: binding >>>
receptor activation >>>> signal transduction >>>> response >>>
termination
● what are the differences between communication styles of unicellular
eukaryotes and multicellular eukaryotes? Answer: prokaryotes &
unicellular eukaryotes= between individual organisms
,complex multicellular eukaryotes= between cells in the same organism
● how does distance affect cell communication? Answer: cells far away
from each other= signal molecule is transported by the circulatory
system
cells close together= move by diffusion
● describe the 4 types of signaling Answer: 1) endocrine signaling=
signaling by means of traveling molecules
2) paracrine signaling= act on cells close together; nearby cells
3) autocrine signaling= acts on itself
4) contact-dependent signaling= close contact between cells & the ECM
● describe the receptors for a polar signal molecule and receptors for a
nonpolar signal molecule. where are they located? can they cross the cell
surface? Answer: polar location= cell surface. can not cross the cell
surface
nonpolar location= inside the cell; can cross the cell surface
, ● what are the three types of cell surface receptor types? Answer: 1) g-
protein coupled receptor= short responses
2) enzymes (receptor kinases)= ATP becomes a substrate; long
responses.
3) ion channels= open or close
● contrast receptor kinases and g-protein coupled receptors Answer: g-
protein coupled receptors have short responses . receptor kinases have
longer responses.
● what are the three germ layers and where are they located? Answer: 1)
ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
2) the ectoderm is the outer layer. mesoderm is the inner layer. endoderm
is inside the gut lining.
● describe totipotent cell, pluripotent cell, and multipotent cell. Answer:
totipotent cell can give rise to any organism (zygote). pluripotent cell
can give rise to any of the 3 germ layers but not an entire organism.
multipotent cell can give rise to a limited #.
● what are the 4 basic types of tissue? Answer: epithelial, connective,
muscle, nervous
● what are the 3 types of epithelial tissue shapes? Answer: flat, round
and tall
PRACTICE SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
● How do cells communicate? Answer: Through molecular signals
● What are gap junctions? Answer: (communicating junctions) provide
cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells
● What are the two things that influence cell activity? Answer: physical
environment and neighboring cells/nearby/distant
● What are the 4 things that contribute to communication by chemical
signals? Answer: signaling cell, signaling molecule, receptor protein,
and responding cell.
● what does binding cause?
what is the process after receptor activation? Answer: binding >>>
receptor activation >>>> signal transduction >>>> response >>>
termination
● what are the differences between communication styles of unicellular
eukaryotes and multicellular eukaryotes? Answer: prokaryotes &
unicellular eukaryotes= between individual organisms
,complex multicellular eukaryotes= between cells in the same organism
● how does distance affect cell communication? Answer: cells far away
from each other= signal molecule is transported by the circulatory
system
cells close together= move by diffusion
● describe the 4 types of signaling Answer: 1) endocrine signaling=
signaling by means of traveling molecules
2) paracrine signaling= act on cells close together; nearby cells
3) autocrine signaling= acts on itself
4) contact-dependent signaling= close contact between cells & the ECM
● describe the receptors for a polar signal molecule and receptors for a
nonpolar signal molecule. where are they located? can they cross the cell
surface? Answer: polar location= cell surface. can not cross the cell
surface
nonpolar location= inside the cell; can cross the cell surface
, ● what are the three types of cell surface receptor types? Answer: 1) g-
protein coupled receptor= short responses
2) enzymes (receptor kinases)= ATP becomes a substrate; long
responses.
3) ion channels= open or close
● contrast receptor kinases and g-protein coupled receptors Answer: g-
protein coupled receptors have short responses . receptor kinases have
longer responses.
● what are the three germ layers and where are they located? Answer: 1)
ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
2) the ectoderm is the outer layer. mesoderm is the inner layer. endoderm
is inside the gut lining.
● describe totipotent cell, pluripotent cell, and multipotent cell. Answer:
totipotent cell can give rise to any organism (zygote). pluripotent cell
can give rise to any of the 3 germ layers but not an entire organism.
multipotent cell can give rise to a limited #.
● what are the 4 basic types of tissue? Answer: epithelial, connective,
muscle, nervous
● what are the 3 types of epithelial tissue shapes? Answer: flat, round
and tall
