LEIK FNP Practice Questions with answers (over 1000 questions and
answers)
A 72-year-old woman has been on hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg for many years to control her Stage II
hypertension. Her blood pressure (BP) at this visit is 168/96. She is currently complaining of pain on her
right hip and on both knees. She has increased her dose of ibuprofen (Motrin) from 400 mg 3 times day
(TID) to 800 mg TID. She is still in pain and would like something stronger. Which of the following
statements is the best explanation of the effects of ibuprofen (Motrin) on her disease?
A) It increases the chances of adverse effects to her health
B) It inhibits the effect of renal prostaglandins and blunts the effectiveness of the diuretic
C) It prolongs the therapeutic effects of hydrochlorothiazide and other diuretics
D) None of the statements are true - ANSWER B) It inhibits the effect of renal prostaglandins and blunts
the effectiveness of the diuretic.
NSAIDs and ASA inhibit the vasodilatory effects of prostaglandins, which predisposes the kidney to
ischemia. NSAIDs and diuretics can cause acute prerenal failure by decreasing renal blood flow.
2. All of the following are infections that affect mostly the labia and vagina except:
A) Bacterialvaginosis
B) Candidiasis
C) Trichomoniasis
D) Chlamydia trachomatis - ANSWER D) Chlamydia trachomatis
Infections that commonly affect the labia and vagina include bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and
trichomoniasis. Chlamydia trachomatis commonly affects the cervix, endometrial lining , fallopian tubes,
and pelvic cavity.
,The nurse practitioner would test the obturator and iliopsoas muscle to evaluate for:
A) Cholecystitis
B) Acute appendicitis
C) Inguinal hernia
D) Gastriculcer - ANSWER B) Acute appendicitis.
Signs and symptoms of an acute abdomen include invol- untary guarding, rebound tenderness, boardlike
abdomen, and a positive obtu- rator and psoas sign. A positive obturator sign occurs when pain is elicted
by internal rotation of the right hip from 90 degrees hip/knee flexion. The psoas sign is positive when
pain occurs with passive extension of the thigh while the patient is lying on his/her side with knees
extended, or when pain occurs with active flexion of his/her thigh at the hip.
Treatment for mild preeclampsia includes all of the following except:
A) Bed rest except for bathroom privileges
B) Close monitoring of weight and blood pressure
C) Close follow-up of urinary protein, serum creatinine, and platelet count
D) A prescription of methyldopa (Aldomet) to control blood pressure - ANSWER D) A prescription of
methyldopa (Aldomet) to control blood pressure
Recommended care for women diagnosed with preeclampsia includes bed rest with bath- room
privileges, weight and BP monitoring, and closely following urine protein and serum protein, creatinine,
and platelet counts. Oral medications are not used as first-line treatment.
All of the following services are covered under Medicare Part A except:
,A) Inpatienthospitalizations
B) Medicines administered to a patient while hospitalized
C) Nursing home care
D) Surgeons - ANSWER C) Nursing home care
Medicare A coverage includes inpatient hospitalization and skilled care given in a certified skilled nursing
facility. Most nursing home care is custodial care (help with bathing, dressing, using a bathroom, and
eating). This care is not covered by Medicare A.
Questions 1-10: Pharmacology & Cardiovascular
1. A 72-year-old woman has been on hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg for many years to control her Stage
II hypertension. Her BP at this visit is 168/96. She reports increased ibuprofen (Motrin) from 400 mg
TID to 800 mg TID for hip and knee pain. Which statement best explains the effect of ibuprofen on her
hypertension?
A) It increases the chances of adverse effects to her health
B) It inhibits the effect of renal prostaglandins and blunts the effectiveness of the diuretic
C) It prolongs the therapeutic effects of hydrochlorothiazide
D) None of the statements are true
Answer: B) It inhibits the effect of renal prostaglandins and blunts the effectiveness of the diuretic
Rationale: NSAIDs inhibit the vasodilatory effects of prostaglandins, predisposing the kidney to ischemia.
NSAIDs and diuretics together can cause acute prerenal failure by decreasing renal blood flow, which
reduces the diuretic's effectiveness .
2. Which of the following antihypertensive medications has beneficial effects for an elderly White
female with osteoporosis?
A) Calcium channel blocker
B) ACE inhibitor
C) Beta-blocker
D) Diuretic
Answer: A) Calcium channel blocker
Rationale: Calcium channel blockers act by blocking calcium channels in the heart muscle and blood
vessels, thereby keeping more calcium in the bones. This is particularly beneficial for patients with
osteoporosis .
, 3. Which of the following antihypertensive medications should the nurse practitioner avoid when
treating patients with emphysema?
A) Calcium channel blockers
B) ACE inhibitors
C) Beta-blockers
D) Diuretics
Answer: C) Beta-blockers
Rationale: Beta-blockers should be avoided in patients with emphysema. Studies show evidence of
reduced FEV1, increased airway hyperresponsiveness, and inhibition of bronchodilator response to beta-
agonists in patients receiving non-selective beta-blockers .
4. A possible side effect from the use of nifedipine (Procardia XL) is:
A) Hyperuricemia and hypoglycemia
B) Hyperkalemia and angioedema
C) Edema of the ankles and headache
D) Dry hacking cough
Answer: C) Edema of the ankles and headache
Rationale: Common side effects of calcium channel blockers include edema of the ankles, dizziness,
headaches, flushing, and weakness. ACE inhibitors tend to cause angioedema and dry hacking cough .
5. A 63-year-old patient with a 10-year history of poorly controlled hypertension presents with a
cluster of physical exam findings. Which findings indicate target organ damage commonly seen in
hypertensive patients?
A) Pedal edema, hepatomegaly, and enlarged kidneys
B) Hepatomegaly, AV nicking, bibasilar crackles
C) Renal infection, S3, neuromuscular abnormalities
D) Glaucoma, jugular vein atrophy, heart failure
Answer: B) Hepatomegaly, AV nicking, bibasilar crackles
Rationale: Target organ damage from hypertension includes hepatomegaly (from heart failure), AV
nicking (retinal changes), and bibasilar crackles (pulmonary congestion from heart failure) .
answers)
A 72-year-old woman has been on hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg for many years to control her Stage II
hypertension. Her blood pressure (BP) at this visit is 168/96. She is currently complaining of pain on her
right hip and on both knees. She has increased her dose of ibuprofen (Motrin) from 400 mg 3 times day
(TID) to 800 mg TID. She is still in pain and would like something stronger. Which of the following
statements is the best explanation of the effects of ibuprofen (Motrin) on her disease?
A) It increases the chances of adverse effects to her health
B) It inhibits the effect of renal prostaglandins and blunts the effectiveness of the diuretic
C) It prolongs the therapeutic effects of hydrochlorothiazide and other diuretics
D) None of the statements are true - ANSWER B) It inhibits the effect of renal prostaglandins and blunts
the effectiveness of the diuretic.
NSAIDs and ASA inhibit the vasodilatory effects of prostaglandins, which predisposes the kidney to
ischemia. NSAIDs and diuretics can cause acute prerenal failure by decreasing renal blood flow.
2. All of the following are infections that affect mostly the labia and vagina except:
A) Bacterialvaginosis
B) Candidiasis
C) Trichomoniasis
D) Chlamydia trachomatis - ANSWER D) Chlamydia trachomatis
Infections that commonly affect the labia and vagina include bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and
trichomoniasis. Chlamydia trachomatis commonly affects the cervix, endometrial lining , fallopian tubes,
and pelvic cavity.
,The nurse practitioner would test the obturator and iliopsoas muscle to evaluate for:
A) Cholecystitis
B) Acute appendicitis
C) Inguinal hernia
D) Gastriculcer - ANSWER B) Acute appendicitis.
Signs and symptoms of an acute abdomen include invol- untary guarding, rebound tenderness, boardlike
abdomen, and a positive obtu- rator and psoas sign. A positive obturator sign occurs when pain is elicted
by internal rotation of the right hip from 90 degrees hip/knee flexion. The psoas sign is positive when
pain occurs with passive extension of the thigh while the patient is lying on his/her side with knees
extended, or when pain occurs with active flexion of his/her thigh at the hip.
Treatment for mild preeclampsia includes all of the following except:
A) Bed rest except for bathroom privileges
B) Close monitoring of weight and blood pressure
C) Close follow-up of urinary protein, serum creatinine, and platelet count
D) A prescription of methyldopa (Aldomet) to control blood pressure - ANSWER D) A prescription of
methyldopa (Aldomet) to control blood pressure
Recommended care for women diagnosed with preeclampsia includes bed rest with bath- room
privileges, weight and BP monitoring, and closely following urine protein and serum protein, creatinine,
and platelet counts. Oral medications are not used as first-line treatment.
All of the following services are covered under Medicare Part A except:
,A) Inpatienthospitalizations
B) Medicines administered to a patient while hospitalized
C) Nursing home care
D) Surgeons - ANSWER C) Nursing home care
Medicare A coverage includes inpatient hospitalization and skilled care given in a certified skilled nursing
facility. Most nursing home care is custodial care (help with bathing, dressing, using a bathroom, and
eating). This care is not covered by Medicare A.
Questions 1-10: Pharmacology & Cardiovascular
1. A 72-year-old woman has been on hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg for many years to control her Stage
II hypertension. Her BP at this visit is 168/96. She reports increased ibuprofen (Motrin) from 400 mg
TID to 800 mg TID for hip and knee pain. Which statement best explains the effect of ibuprofen on her
hypertension?
A) It increases the chances of adverse effects to her health
B) It inhibits the effect of renal prostaglandins and blunts the effectiveness of the diuretic
C) It prolongs the therapeutic effects of hydrochlorothiazide
D) None of the statements are true
Answer: B) It inhibits the effect of renal prostaglandins and blunts the effectiveness of the diuretic
Rationale: NSAIDs inhibit the vasodilatory effects of prostaglandins, predisposing the kidney to ischemia.
NSAIDs and diuretics together can cause acute prerenal failure by decreasing renal blood flow, which
reduces the diuretic's effectiveness .
2. Which of the following antihypertensive medications has beneficial effects for an elderly White
female with osteoporosis?
A) Calcium channel blocker
B) ACE inhibitor
C) Beta-blocker
D) Diuretic
Answer: A) Calcium channel blocker
Rationale: Calcium channel blockers act by blocking calcium channels in the heart muscle and blood
vessels, thereby keeping more calcium in the bones. This is particularly beneficial for patients with
osteoporosis .
, 3. Which of the following antihypertensive medications should the nurse practitioner avoid when
treating patients with emphysema?
A) Calcium channel blockers
B) ACE inhibitors
C) Beta-blockers
D) Diuretics
Answer: C) Beta-blockers
Rationale: Beta-blockers should be avoided in patients with emphysema. Studies show evidence of
reduced FEV1, increased airway hyperresponsiveness, and inhibition of bronchodilator response to beta-
agonists in patients receiving non-selective beta-blockers .
4. A possible side effect from the use of nifedipine (Procardia XL) is:
A) Hyperuricemia and hypoglycemia
B) Hyperkalemia and angioedema
C) Edema of the ankles and headache
D) Dry hacking cough
Answer: C) Edema of the ankles and headache
Rationale: Common side effects of calcium channel blockers include edema of the ankles, dizziness,
headaches, flushing, and weakness. ACE inhibitors tend to cause angioedema and dry hacking cough .
5. A 63-year-old patient with a 10-year history of poorly controlled hypertension presents with a
cluster of physical exam findings. Which findings indicate target organ damage commonly seen in
hypertensive patients?
A) Pedal edema, hepatomegaly, and enlarged kidneys
B) Hepatomegaly, AV nicking, bibasilar crackles
C) Renal infection, S3, neuromuscular abnormalities
D) Glaucoma, jugular vein atrophy, heart failure
Answer: B) Hepatomegaly, AV nicking, bibasilar crackles
Rationale: Target organ damage from hypertension includes hepatomegaly (from heart failure), AV
nicking (retinal changes), and bibasilar crackles (pulmonary congestion from heart failure) .
