HMB, BCAA's, SARMS Exam UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
What amino acids is creatine made of? - CORRECT ANSWER Methionine, lysine, and
arginine
What organ is creatine primarily made in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER Liver
What function does creatine have concerning the phosphagen energy system? - CORRECT
ANSWER Functions as a phosphate reservoir
Which of the following food sources contains the highest amount of creatine per serving? -
CORRECT ANSWER Salmon
Despite an individual eating a diet high in meat, is supplementing with creatine still
recommended? Explain (Hint: think about the process in which creatine is made naturally). -
CORRECT ANSWER Yes, supplementing with creatine is still recommended. Almost
30% of creatine is lost in cooked meats, therefore, the consumption of creatine
supplementation will allow faster absorption through the small intestines.
What enzyme is responsible for creating ATP from creatine? - CORRECT
ANSWER Creatine kinase (CK)
Which of the following best represents the percentage of creatine that is typically
bioavailable from the consumption of food sources? - CORRECT ANSWER 80%-99%
Which receptor in the small intestine is responsible for mediating the absorption of creatine? -
CORRECT ANSWER SLC6A8
, Why is it recommended to take creatine proximal to exercise? Explain - CORRECT
ANSWER Consuming creatine proximal to exercise leads to better results in increasing
muscular recovery time and lean muscle mass, and increasing coginitve function.
How does creatine promote satellite cell proliferation and differentiation? - CORRECT
ANSWER By activating the ERK and MAPK pathways
Which of the following is true regarding the effects of creatine on long-term potentiation
(LTP), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-
isoxazolepropionicacid (AMPA) receptors? - CORRECT ANSWER Creatine enhances
LTP and increases the expression of NMDA and AMPA receptors
How does creatine affect blood glucose levels through the glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT
4)? - CORRECT ANSWER Creatine enhances the translocation of GLUT 4 to the
plasma membrane, resulting in increased glucose uptake by the cells
Which type of creatine would be most beneficial for endurance athletes who want to avoid
water retention? - CORRECT ANSWER Magnesium-chelated
What is the function of nitrates in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER To dilate blood
vessels and improve blood flow
Which of the following statements about nitrate and nitric oxide is true? - CORRECT
ANSWER Nitrate converts to nitric oxide by various means independent of the NOS
enzyme (in some cases)
What is the primary reason why citrulline is a good choice for increasing nitric oxide
synthesis in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER It is efficiently turned into L-arginine in
the kidneys after supplementation
Which of the following is true regarding the effects of Arginine, Citrulline, and Nitrates on
muscle size, strength, or power output? - CORRECT ANSWER Stacking them seems
to increase muscle size, strength, and power output
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
What amino acids is creatine made of? - CORRECT ANSWER Methionine, lysine, and
arginine
What organ is creatine primarily made in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER Liver
What function does creatine have concerning the phosphagen energy system? - CORRECT
ANSWER Functions as a phosphate reservoir
Which of the following food sources contains the highest amount of creatine per serving? -
CORRECT ANSWER Salmon
Despite an individual eating a diet high in meat, is supplementing with creatine still
recommended? Explain (Hint: think about the process in which creatine is made naturally). -
CORRECT ANSWER Yes, supplementing with creatine is still recommended. Almost
30% of creatine is lost in cooked meats, therefore, the consumption of creatine
supplementation will allow faster absorption through the small intestines.
What enzyme is responsible for creating ATP from creatine? - CORRECT
ANSWER Creatine kinase (CK)
Which of the following best represents the percentage of creatine that is typically
bioavailable from the consumption of food sources? - CORRECT ANSWER 80%-99%
Which receptor in the small intestine is responsible for mediating the absorption of creatine? -
CORRECT ANSWER SLC6A8
, Why is it recommended to take creatine proximal to exercise? Explain - CORRECT
ANSWER Consuming creatine proximal to exercise leads to better results in increasing
muscular recovery time and lean muscle mass, and increasing coginitve function.
How does creatine promote satellite cell proliferation and differentiation? - CORRECT
ANSWER By activating the ERK and MAPK pathways
Which of the following is true regarding the effects of creatine on long-term potentiation
(LTP), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-
isoxazolepropionicacid (AMPA) receptors? - CORRECT ANSWER Creatine enhances
LTP and increases the expression of NMDA and AMPA receptors
How does creatine affect blood glucose levels through the glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT
4)? - CORRECT ANSWER Creatine enhances the translocation of GLUT 4 to the
plasma membrane, resulting in increased glucose uptake by the cells
Which type of creatine would be most beneficial for endurance athletes who want to avoid
water retention? - CORRECT ANSWER Magnesium-chelated
What is the function of nitrates in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER To dilate blood
vessels and improve blood flow
Which of the following statements about nitrate and nitric oxide is true? - CORRECT
ANSWER Nitrate converts to nitric oxide by various means independent of the NOS
enzyme (in some cases)
What is the primary reason why citrulline is a good choice for increasing nitric oxide
synthesis in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER It is efficiently turned into L-arginine in
the kidneys after supplementation
Which of the following is true regarding the effects of Arginine, Citrulline, and Nitrates on
muscle size, strength, or power output? - CORRECT ANSWER Stacking them seems
to increase muscle size, strength, and power output
