MANA 3318 - EXAM 1 REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

MANA 3318 - EXAM 1 REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Organizational Behavior - AnswersThe study of individual behavior and group dynamics in organizations. (Primary concerned with the psychosocial, interpersonal and behavioral dynamics in organizations.) Main disciplines that have influenced the field of OB - AnswersJobs, design of work, communication, performance appraisal and organizational structure. Levels of Analysis in Organizational Behavior - AnswersPsychology - The science of human behavior. Investigates work motivation. Sociology - The science of Society. Focuses on the roles within the society. Engineering - The applied science of energy and matter. Enhances our understanding of our design of work. Management - The study of overseeing activities and supervising people in organizations. Medicine - The applied science of treating diseases to enhance an individuals health and well being. Open Systems in Organizations (Internal) - AnswersTask - an org's mission, purpose or goal for existing. People - the human resources of the organization. Technology - the wide range of tools, knowledge, and/or techniques used to transform inputs into outputs. Structure - involves the systems of communication, authority and roles, and workflow. Open Systems in Organizations (External) - AnswersInputs - are the human, informational, material and financial resources used by orgs. Throughputs - he materials and resources as they are transformed by the org's technology component. Outputs - are for customers, consumers, and clients. Formal Elements of the Organization - AnswersThe official, legitimate and most visible part of the organization and it enables people to think of orgs in logical and rational ways. Informal Elements of the Organization - AnswersThe unofficial and less visible part of the system. 5 Challenges for Managers and OB - AnswersGlobalization Diversity Technology Ethics Changing Employment Relationship Hawthorne Studies - AnswersConducted during the 1920s and 1930s suggested the importance of the informal elements. TQM (Total Quality Management) - AnswersTotal management/dedication to continuous improvement to customers so that the customer's needs are met & expectations exceeded. Six Sigma - AnswersThe philosophy for company wide quality improvement. TQM & Six Sigma Differences - AnswersSix Sigma 1. Executive Ownership 2. Business Strategy Execution 3. Truly Cross-Functional 4. Focused Training 5. Business Results Oriented TQM 1. Self directed work teams. 2. Quality Initiative 3. Largely within a single function. 4. No mass training. 5. Quality Oriented Characteristics of the US according to Hofstede's dimensions - AnswersHigh Individualism Weak Power Distance Short-term Orientation High Masculinity Low Uncertainty Avoidance Types of Diversity - AnswersCultural Diversity Gender Diversity Age Diversity Ability Diversity The Glass Ceiling - AnswersA transparent barrier that keeps women from rising above a certain level in Orgs. Bully Broads - AnswersWomen getting ahead by being nice. Types of Ethical Theories - AnswersRule Based - emphasizes the character of the act itself rather than its efforts. Consequential - emphasizes the consequences or results of behavior. Character - emphasizes the character, personal virtues, and intent of the individual. Personality: Nature vs. Nurture - AnswersNature - what is hereditary or in your genes. Nurture - what is going on in your environment. Interactional Psychology - AnswersUnderstanding human behavior that involves knowing something about the person and about the situation. Big 5 Personality Dimensions (OCEAN) - AnswersOpenness to Experiences Conscientiousness- hardworking, dependable, organized Extraversion - gregarious, assertive, sociable Agreeableness - cooperative, warm Neuroticism (Emotional Stability) - calm, cool Locus of Control - AnswersAn individual's generalized belief about internal and external control. Internal - self control. External - control by the situation or others. Self Efficacy - AnswersA person's overall view of himself as being able to perform effectively in a wide variety of situations. Sources: Prior experiences and success, behavior models, persuasion and assessment of current physical and emotional capabilities. Self Esteem - Answers Self Monitoring - AnswersBehavior Based on Cues Type A vs. Type B Behavior - AnswersHigh Self - flexible and can appear unpredictable and inconsistent. Low Self - act from internal states rather than situational. Show consistency. Positive/Negative Effect - AnswersPositive Effect - Tendency to accentuate positive aspects. Negative Effect - Tendency to accentuate negative aspects. Personality Measures - AnswersProjective - personality test that elicits an individual response to abstract stimuli.