DCF - CHILD GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT EXAM SET QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
What are the 5 levels of Maslow's Hierarchy? - ANSWER -1. Physical (food)
2. Comfort & Security (stability)
3. Belonging (social, love, acceptance)
4. Self-Esteem (importance)
5. Self-Actualization (empathy)
What does Maslow's Hierarchy mean to child care professionals? - ANSWER -Basic
needs must be met first, if not, self-worth suffers. Awareness of family circumstances
can help caregivers know what needs are or are not being met.
Erik Erikson's conflicts in emotional development - ANSWER -there are 8 total first 4
deal with birth - 12 (where children develop ability to learn) Emotional development is a
serious of conflicts that must be resolved before proceeding to the next. Moving through
the conflicts successfully ensures social and emotional stability
What are the first 4 stages of conflict and what age range do they correspond to? -
ANSWER -Trust v. Mistrust: Infant
Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt: Toddler
Initiative v. Guilt: Preschool
Industry v. Inferiority: Grade School
What do these conflicts mean to child care professionals? - ANSWER -create
relationships with children that are built on trust, allow children to exercise autonomy,
promote creativity
What are Jean Piaget's Four Stages of Cognitive Development? - ANSWER -1.
Sensorimotor 0-2: learning through sensory perception and motor skills
2. Preoperational 2-7: uses symbols, bound by what they experience directly and not by
what they think
3. Concrete-Operational 7-11: rational thinking
4. Formal Operations 11 +: final stages of cognitive development, abstract thinking,
think beyond present.
What do these stages mean to child care professionals? - ANSWER -it helps caregivers
to understand why children make thinking mistakes, help in planning developmentally
appropriate practices
Lev Vygotsky's Theory of Cognitive Development - ANSWER -social and cultural
interactions are the primary sources of learning and behavior, along with problem
, solving experiences through scaffolding to perform tasks in the zone of proximal
learning.
Scaffolding - ANSWER -when the person interacting with the child assumes more
responsibility for guiding learning, as child learns more responsibility is given to them.
Zone of Proximal Learning - ANSWER -the zone where learning occurs, when a child is
learning material with adult guidance or with peer collaboration.
Growth - ANSWER -specific body changes and increases in the child's size such as a
child's height, weight, head circumference and BMI
Development - ANSWER -an increase in complexity, a change from relatively simple to
more complicated and involves progression where child gains refined knowledge,
behaviors and skills.
Similarities between children in growth - ANSWER -1.growth proceeds from head down
2. control of head and neck first, then arms, then legs
3. brain, heart and spinal cord are fully functional at birth
4. arm and leg muscles first then fingers and toes
5 basic principles of child growth and development - ANSWER -1. Developmental
sequence is similar for all
2. Development proceeds from general to specific
3. Development is continuous
4. Development proceeds at different rates
5. All areas of development are interrelated
Describe Principle 1 - ANSWER -children develop in relatively the same ways, there is a
typical sequence of development that occurs as the child grows, behaviors and skills
emerge in the same order
describe principle 2 - ANSWER -body changes in a sequence and gives new abilities;
as brain develops, cognitive skills improve
describe principle 3 - ANSWER -there is continuity from one phase of development to
the next, children continue to add behaviors as they perfect others (ex: language;
cooing --> words)
describe principle 4 - ANSWER -sequence of development is the same but the rate is
different, development is constant but not uniform
describe principle 5 - ANSWER -the developmental domains influence development in
other areas.
DEVELOPMENT EXAM SET QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
What are the 5 levels of Maslow's Hierarchy? - ANSWER -1. Physical (food)
2. Comfort & Security (stability)
3. Belonging (social, love, acceptance)
4. Self-Esteem (importance)
5. Self-Actualization (empathy)
What does Maslow's Hierarchy mean to child care professionals? - ANSWER -Basic
needs must be met first, if not, self-worth suffers. Awareness of family circumstances
can help caregivers know what needs are or are not being met.
Erik Erikson's conflicts in emotional development - ANSWER -there are 8 total first 4
deal with birth - 12 (where children develop ability to learn) Emotional development is a
serious of conflicts that must be resolved before proceeding to the next. Moving through
the conflicts successfully ensures social and emotional stability
What are the first 4 stages of conflict and what age range do they correspond to? -
ANSWER -Trust v. Mistrust: Infant
Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt: Toddler
Initiative v. Guilt: Preschool
Industry v. Inferiority: Grade School
What do these conflicts mean to child care professionals? - ANSWER -create
relationships with children that are built on trust, allow children to exercise autonomy,
promote creativity
What are Jean Piaget's Four Stages of Cognitive Development? - ANSWER -1.
Sensorimotor 0-2: learning through sensory perception and motor skills
2. Preoperational 2-7: uses symbols, bound by what they experience directly and not by
what they think
3. Concrete-Operational 7-11: rational thinking
4. Formal Operations 11 +: final stages of cognitive development, abstract thinking,
think beyond present.
What do these stages mean to child care professionals? - ANSWER -it helps caregivers
to understand why children make thinking mistakes, help in planning developmentally
appropriate practices
Lev Vygotsky's Theory of Cognitive Development - ANSWER -social and cultural
interactions are the primary sources of learning and behavior, along with problem
, solving experiences through scaffolding to perform tasks in the zone of proximal
learning.
Scaffolding - ANSWER -when the person interacting with the child assumes more
responsibility for guiding learning, as child learns more responsibility is given to them.
Zone of Proximal Learning - ANSWER -the zone where learning occurs, when a child is
learning material with adult guidance or with peer collaboration.
Growth - ANSWER -specific body changes and increases in the child's size such as a
child's height, weight, head circumference and BMI
Development - ANSWER -an increase in complexity, a change from relatively simple to
more complicated and involves progression where child gains refined knowledge,
behaviors and skills.
Similarities between children in growth - ANSWER -1.growth proceeds from head down
2. control of head and neck first, then arms, then legs
3. brain, heart and spinal cord are fully functional at birth
4. arm and leg muscles first then fingers and toes
5 basic principles of child growth and development - ANSWER -1. Developmental
sequence is similar for all
2. Development proceeds from general to specific
3. Development is continuous
4. Development proceeds at different rates
5. All areas of development are interrelated
Describe Principle 1 - ANSWER -children develop in relatively the same ways, there is a
typical sequence of development that occurs as the child grows, behaviors and skills
emerge in the same order
describe principle 2 - ANSWER -body changes in a sequence and gives new abilities;
as brain develops, cognitive skills improve
describe principle 3 - ANSWER -there is continuity from one phase of development to
the next, children continue to add behaviors as they perfect others (ex: language;
cooing --> words)
describe principle 4 - ANSWER -sequence of development is the same but the rate is
different, development is constant but not uniform
describe principle 5 - ANSWER -the developmental domains influence development in
other areas.
