PEDIATRIC GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Which statement by a mother indicates the need for additional teaching about safety
guidelines for infants and toddlers?
1
"I will use plastic eating and drinking utensils."
2
"I will give my child hard candies for chewing."
3
"I will not allow my child to chew on old furniture."
4
"I will turn pot handles toward the back of the stove." - ANSWER -2
"I will give my child hard candies for chewing."
Hard candies should not be given to infants and toddlers because they can be easily
aspirated, which will result in choking. Therefore, the nurse should suggest that the
mother avoid giving hard candies to young children. The nurse should suggest that the
mother use plastic eating and drinking utensils for young children because glass and
ceramic utensils may break and lead to injury. Old furniture may contain lead paints,
which are toxic. Therefore, children should not be allowed to chew on them. Some
children, out of curiosity, may grab pot handles, which can cause burns. Therefore, the
nurse should advise the mother to turn pot handles toward the back of the stove for the
safety of young children.
Which gross motor skill can be observed in a 7-month-old infant?
1
Sits alone without support
2
Creeps on hands and knees
3
Walks holding onto furniture
4
Sits down from a standing position - ANSWER -1
Sits alone without support
Infants between 6 and 8 months of age can sit alone without support. Infants can creep
on their hands and knees at the age of 8 to 10 months. Infants who are 10 to 12 months
of age can walk while holding onto furniture and can sit down from a standing position
due to their well-developed motor skills.
Which reading of a newborn's pulse may indicate an abnormality in the function of the
cardiovascular system?
,1
100 beats/min
2
120 beats/min
3
130 beats/min
4
140 beats/min - ANSWER -1
100 beats/min
The normal pulse rate of a newborn ranges from 120 to 160 beats/min. Therefore, a
pulse rate of 100 beats/min may indicate an abnormality. Pulse rates of 120 beats/min,
130 beats/min, and 140 beats/min are within normal range.
When assessing the cognitive development of a 9-year-old child, which characteristic
indicates inadequate cognitive development?
1
The child collects different-colored rocks.
2
The child says that fall is better than spring.
3
The child considers a boy at school to be a better friend than a neighbor.
4
The child believes there are more blocks when spread out on the floor than in the
container. - ANSWER -Correct4
The child believes there are more blocks when spread out on the floor than in the
container.
At ages 5 to 7, children learn that simply altering the arrangement of objects in space
does not change certain properties of the objects. A 9-year-old child should able to
resist perceptual cues that there are more blocks when on the floor than when in their
container. During Piaget's stage of concrete operations, children develop an
understanding of relationships between things and ideas. They become occupied with
collections of objects, such as rocks, and derive enjoyment from classifying and
ordering their environment. They may even begin to order friends and relationships
(e.g., best friend, second-best friend).
An 8-year-old child is being prepared for surgery the next day. How should the nurse
present preoperative instructions to this child?
1
By repeating instructions often
2
By providing time for needle play
3
By using several abstract examples
4
, By focusing on simple anatomical diagrams - ANSWER -4
By focusing on simple anatomical diagrams
According to Piaget, an 8-year-old child's level of development is in the stage of
concrete operations; the child will benefit from simple, concrete examples. The
preschooler and younger child, not the school-age child, require repetition. Therapeutic
needle play is more appropriate if and when the child is to receive an injection. The child
who is in the period of concrete operations cannot think in the abstract; the ability to do
this develops during adolescence.
Which content type of play allows a child to experience pleasure by swinging?
1
Skill play
2
Pretend play
3
Social-affective play
4
Sense-pleasure play - ANSWER -4
Sense-pleasure play
Sense-pleasure play is a nonsocial stimulating experience in which the pleasurable
experiences are derived from the environment, handling of raw materials, and body
motion such as swinging, bouncing, and rocking. In skill play, infants persistently
demonstrate and exercise their newly acquired abilities. The simple, imitative, dramatic
play of toddlers, such as using a telephone, driving a car, or rocking a doll is called
pretend play or dramatic play. In social-affective play, the infant takes pleasure in
relationships with people. As adults talk, touch, nuzzle, and in various ways elicit
responses from an infant, the infant soon learns to provoke parental emotions and
responses.
Which statement by the mother of a 5-month-old infant indicates effective learning about
proper nutrition for the infant's growth and development?
1
"I will breastfeed my child."
2
"I will give my child whole cow's milk."
3
"I will give my child adequate fruit juice."
4
"I will give my child iron-fortified cereals." - ANSWER -1
"I will breastfeed my child."
Breastfeeding is recommended for infant nutrition because breast milk contains
essential nutrients of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and immunoglobulins. Giving cow's
milk to an infant may lead to internal bleeding, anemia, and an increased incidence of
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Which statement by a mother indicates the need for additional teaching about safety
guidelines for infants and toddlers?
1
"I will use plastic eating and drinking utensils."
2
"I will give my child hard candies for chewing."
3
"I will not allow my child to chew on old furniture."
4
"I will turn pot handles toward the back of the stove." - ANSWER -2
"I will give my child hard candies for chewing."
Hard candies should not be given to infants and toddlers because they can be easily
aspirated, which will result in choking. Therefore, the nurse should suggest that the
mother avoid giving hard candies to young children. The nurse should suggest that the
mother use plastic eating and drinking utensils for young children because glass and
ceramic utensils may break and lead to injury. Old furniture may contain lead paints,
which are toxic. Therefore, children should not be allowed to chew on them. Some
children, out of curiosity, may grab pot handles, which can cause burns. Therefore, the
nurse should advise the mother to turn pot handles toward the back of the stove for the
safety of young children.
Which gross motor skill can be observed in a 7-month-old infant?
1
Sits alone without support
2
Creeps on hands and knees
3
Walks holding onto furniture
4
Sits down from a standing position - ANSWER -1
Sits alone without support
Infants between 6 and 8 months of age can sit alone without support. Infants can creep
on their hands and knees at the age of 8 to 10 months. Infants who are 10 to 12 months
of age can walk while holding onto furniture and can sit down from a standing position
due to their well-developed motor skills.
Which reading of a newborn's pulse may indicate an abnormality in the function of the
cardiovascular system?
,1
100 beats/min
2
120 beats/min
3
130 beats/min
4
140 beats/min - ANSWER -1
100 beats/min
The normal pulse rate of a newborn ranges from 120 to 160 beats/min. Therefore, a
pulse rate of 100 beats/min may indicate an abnormality. Pulse rates of 120 beats/min,
130 beats/min, and 140 beats/min are within normal range.
When assessing the cognitive development of a 9-year-old child, which characteristic
indicates inadequate cognitive development?
1
The child collects different-colored rocks.
2
The child says that fall is better than spring.
3
The child considers a boy at school to be a better friend than a neighbor.
4
The child believes there are more blocks when spread out on the floor than in the
container. - ANSWER -Correct4
The child believes there are more blocks when spread out on the floor than in the
container.
At ages 5 to 7, children learn that simply altering the arrangement of objects in space
does not change certain properties of the objects. A 9-year-old child should able to
resist perceptual cues that there are more blocks when on the floor than when in their
container. During Piaget's stage of concrete operations, children develop an
understanding of relationships between things and ideas. They become occupied with
collections of objects, such as rocks, and derive enjoyment from classifying and
ordering their environment. They may even begin to order friends and relationships
(e.g., best friend, second-best friend).
An 8-year-old child is being prepared for surgery the next day. How should the nurse
present preoperative instructions to this child?
1
By repeating instructions often
2
By providing time for needle play
3
By using several abstract examples
4
, By focusing on simple anatomical diagrams - ANSWER -4
By focusing on simple anatomical diagrams
According to Piaget, an 8-year-old child's level of development is in the stage of
concrete operations; the child will benefit from simple, concrete examples. The
preschooler and younger child, not the school-age child, require repetition. Therapeutic
needle play is more appropriate if and when the child is to receive an injection. The child
who is in the period of concrete operations cannot think in the abstract; the ability to do
this develops during adolescence.
Which content type of play allows a child to experience pleasure by swinging?
1
Skill play
2
Pretend play
3
Social-affective play
4
Sense-pleasure play - ANSWER -4
Sense-pleasure play
Sense-pleasure play is a nonsocial stimulating experience in which the pleasurable
experiences are derived from the environment, handling of raw materials, and body
motion such as swinging, bouncing, and rocking. In skill play, infants persistently
demonstrate and exercise their newly acquired abilities. The simple, imitative, dramatic
play of toddlers, such as using a telephone, driving a car, or rocking a doll is called
pretend play or dramatic play. In social-affective play, the infant takes pleasure in
relationships with people. As adults talk, touch, nuzzle, and in various ways elicit
responses from an infant, the infant soon learns to provoke parental emotions and
responses.
Which statement by the mother of a 5-month-old infant indicates effective learning about
proper nutrition for the infant's growth and development?
1
"I will breastfeed my child."
2
"I will give my child whole cow's milk."
3
"I will give my child adequate fruit juice."
4
"I will give my child iron-fortified cereals." - ANSWER -1
"I will breastfeed my child."
Breastfeeding is recommended for infant nutrition because breast milk contains
essential nutrients of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and immunoglobulins. Giving cow's
milk to an infant may lead to internal bleeding, anemia, and an increased incidence of
