HOSA Pharmacology Exam (2026–2027 Update) Comprehensive Review | Verified Questions & Answers | Grade A Guaranteed.

…..DLDD HOSA Pharmacology Exam (2026–2027 Update) Comprehensive Review | Verified Questions & Answers | Grade A Guaranteed. Q. You are administering several oral medications to your patient. In what order should they be given? ANSWER In order of priority, starting with the most important Q. Which of the following is the classification given to medications that calm and soothe? ANSWER Sedatives Q. What is a mixed number? ANSWER A whole number and a fraction Q. Under what circumstances may a verbal medication order be given? ANSWER In an emergency Q. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) work by which mechanism of action? ANSWER Blocking the hormone that causes vasoconstriction Q. Which term represents a drug controlled by prescription requirement because of the danger of addiction or abuse? ANSWER Controlled substance Q. Will visits the emergency department because of a badly broken leg. He is given a narcotic pain killer, but quickly becomes extremely dizzy and disoriented, and then vomits. Will is then given another medication, naloxone, and soon begins to feel better. Which of these refers to the effect of naloxone on the narcotic pain killer? ANSWER Antagonism Q. Potassium 13.4 mEq po qd is ordered. Available in solution form is Elixir K labeled 6.7 mEq/5 mL. How much solution should be administered per dose? ANSWER 10 mL Q. Which of the following is the indication for local anesthetics? ANSWER Lessen pain during procedures; "numb" the eye Q. Which of the following is a glass container with a rubber stopper? ANSWER Vial Q. Where should chemicals be kept? ANSWER In a locked cabinet Q. You're waiting in line at the pharmacy to get your medication and decide to take a look at your doctor's handwriting on the prescription. You notice the phrase DEA Number followed by a code. What does the phrase DEA Number represent? ANSWER . The registration number for physicians who prescribe controlled substances Q. Which of the following is used to decrease inflammation? ANSWER Inhaled corticosteroid Q. Which of the following is the indication for anti-inflammatory agents? ANSWER Treat swelling; NSAIDs or corticosteroids Q. Beta-blockers are used in the treatment of _____. ANSWER hypertension Q. Contraindications or extreme caution with beta-adrenergic blockers apply/applies to ___________. ANSWER bradycardia and heart block, patients receiving oral beta-blocker drugs, and hyperthyroidism Q. How should patients taking antibiotics be instructed to take the medication? ANSWER With a full glass of water on an empty stomach Q. What is the term that means being produced from within an organism, made in our body? ANSWER Endogenous Q. What is the term for removal of excessive drugs from the body? ANSWER . Excretion Q. At the end of her first week in kindergarten, Jenny arrives home with a note that she has head lice, as do several other students at the school. What type of agent should Jenny's parents use? ANSWER A pediculicide Q. Which treatment is given to counteract the effects of a specific poison? ANSWER Antidote Q. What is the name by which a pharmaceutical company identifies its product? ANSWER Trade name Q. Which of the following is the best way to transport medication when traveling? ANSWER In the original labeled bottle Q. Which method of injection is characterized by placing the needle 1½ to 2 inches beneath the skin? ANSWER Intramuscular Q. Which of the following is a glass container that must be broken before it is used? ANSWER Ampule Q. Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with a vitamin A deficiency? ANSWER Night blindness Q. Which of the following best describes absence seizures? ANSWER Characterized by a 10- to 30-second loss of consciousness without falling; usually noted in children Q. Physicians are notorious for their illegible handwriting. What innovation has helped reduce errors associated with misreading prescriptions? ANSWER CPOE Q. What type of agent is used topically to promote the removal of necrotic or fibrous tissue? ANSWER Enzymatic Which of the following are agents used to treat inflammatory bowel disease? Salicylates and glucocorticoids Three-year-old Landon has painful sores in his mouth caused by chemotherapy for leukemia. What instructions should his parents be given about oral hygiene? Use swabs to avoid further damage Which term is related to "poisoning via a sting, bite, or needle"? Injection What is it called when drugs or foods may alter the effect of a drug? . Interactions What is included in safe and accurate administration of medications? i. Adequate, up-to-date information about all medications to be administered ii. Judgment to accurately assess the patient's needs, evaluate the response, and plan appropriate interventions iii. Skill in delivery of the medication accurately iv. Patient education to the patient and family All of the above Which of the following best describes status epilepticus? True neurologic emergency What is oxytocin used for? Induction of labor in at-term or near-term pregnancies Which instruction should be given to patients taking antibiotics? Take the antibiotics at the prescribed times Which instruction should be included for a patient using an MDI? All of the above What variables affect the speed and efficiency of drugs being processed by the body? Age, weight, sex, and psychological state Which situation might not be considered a medication error? The patient was given a generic form of a medication. Which of the following is an antiandrogen? Finasteride How do cholesterol absorption inhibitors work? By inhibiting intestinal absorption of both dietary and biliary cholesterol, blocking its transport in the small intestine Which of the following are side effects of the anxiolytic buspirone (Buspar)? Dizziness, drowsiness, headache, and GI effects Mandy is preparing an injection and mixes dry particles of drug with a sterile solution. What is this practice called? Reconstitution Your cousin is started on medication after being diagnosed with epilepsy. Because they experience seizures quite often, they start with a very large dose of the anticonvulsant to elevate the levels of the drug in their blood as quickly as possible. What is this initial large does called? Loading dose Which of the following are common side effects of antipruritics? All of the above Which of the following is used for moderate to severe pain and has no analgesic ceiling? An example is morphine sulfate. Opioid analgesic . Which is of the following is a beta-blocker? Propranolol Which of the following terms is the most likely to be associated with the use of a drug for other than therapeutic purposes? Abuse Which of the following is/are side effects of antacid preparations? Electrolyte imbalances, urinary calculi, and osteoporosis . The route of administration _____. . affects the speed of action What are topical corticosteroids? Substances used to treat dermatological disorders associated with allergic reactions Which of the following is the abbreviation for e-prescribing? . eRx Something that may only be experienced or perceived by the individual is said to be _________. subjective What are preparations that are used on the skin to inhibit the growth of bacteria called? Antiseptics Which of the following are actions of urinary analgesics like phenazopyridine (Pyridium)? . Relief of burning, pain, discomfort, and urgency associated with cystitis What causes respiratory arrest when taking neuromuscular blocking agents, or NMBAs? The potential to paralyze the diaphragm Which of the following are contraindications of antiemetics? Pregnancy and lactation, seizure disorders, and cardiac arrhythmia Which medications are most likely to have interactions with antiemetic agents? . CNS depressants and muscle relaxants Which of the following increases secretions and reduces viscosity? Expectorant What is the treatment used to counteract a specific harmful substance called? Antidote Why are nonopioid medications prescribed? To relieve mild to moderate pain, fever, and anti-inflammatory conditions How are androgens used? As palliative treatment of females with advanced metastatic carcinoma of the breast What are the notable increases in serious complications resulting from adverse drug reactions related to? Increased life span leading to an increased older adult population Which of the following is a macrovascular complication of diabetes? Myocardial infarction Patients taking muscle relaxants should be aware of their potential for interaction with _____. alcohol Which of the following may be mistaken for normal signs of aging? Medication-related problems (MRPs) How long should you flush eyes exposed to external poisons? 30 minutes . Which of the following is the classification of diuretics whose interactions may occur with ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), salicylates, and NSAIDs to cause hyperkalemia? Potassium-sparing diuretics What is the mechanism of action for urinary analgesic? Acts as a local anesthetic for the urinary tract mucosa What is the definition of resistance? Medication that loses effectiveness against organisms Which problems may lead to mineral or electrolyte imbalances? All of the above Which of the following treat(s) endometriosis by inhibiting ovulation and menstruation? It can also be used as an antineoplastic in the treatment of some hormone-dependent tumors. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog Which conditions are most often treated with a transcutaneous delivery system? Prevention of angina, motion sickness, chronic pain How do thiazolidinediones work? Decrease insulin resistance/improve sensitivity to insulin in muscle and adipose tissue Which of the following is/are side effects of antidiarrheal agents? Transient constipation Which of the following is a side effect associated with keratolytics? Photosensitivity Which hormone stimulates ovarian follicle development and sperm production? Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Which substance interferes with the normal physiologic function of the body? poison Why are hypnotics prescribed? To promote sleep Side effects of excessive doses of which vitamin cause prolonged bleeding time? E What are the side effects of cocaine? Euphoria, agitation and excitation, arrhythmia, stroke, and cardiac failure The Sunshine Act, which is part of the Affordable Care Act, requires reporting of ______. any compensation or gifts greater than US$10 in value paid to physicians by pharmaceutical representatives Which system of measurement is the least accurate? Household system Which of the following are agents to treat loose, watery, or frequent stools? Antidiarrheals An increased risk of falls is seen in older adults taking which group of medications? All of the above What is the symbol for sodium? Na Which of the following results in a list of all medications taken, including indications and how to administer? Comprehensive medication review (CMR) Which of the following interfere with the DNA of a cancer cell? Alkylating agents What is the mechanism of action for COMT drugs? Blocking the enzyme responsible for metabolizing levodopa What statement should patient education for treatment with a nonuricosuric agent, such as allopurinol (Zyloprim), include? "Avoid alcohol." What is a common side effect of topical corticosteroids? Skin tears and/or bruising Which is true of long-acting insulins? Onset in 1-2 hours and don't peak, last up to 24 hours Heparin sodium is available in vials labeled 5,000 units/mL. The order reads heparin sodium 5,000 units subcu q12h. How much should be administered? 1 mL Which of the following best describes how absorption is affected in the GI tract? Gastric acid production is diminished in the elderly. Which of the following hormones induces development of corpus luteum? Luteinizing hormone Which comment made by a patient taking anticoagulants indicates the need for additional teaching? "Once my INR is stable, no additional follow-up lab studies will be necessary." Which of the following is an NSAID with multiple actions, including antipyretic and analgesic and is often combined with opioid, for example, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)? Salicylate Which of the following is/are used to improve breathing by relaxing smooth muscle and decreasing bronchospasm? Bronchodilators Identify the vitamin synthesized in the body through the action of sunlight on the skin and found in fortified food products D The pharmaceutical abbreviation "qid" means____. four times a day If medication has been ordered by a physician to be taken "pc", it should be given: after meals The pharmaceutical abbreviation "bid" means _____. twice a day If medication of a patient or resident is indicated as PRN, it is given: when necessary All of the following are narcotic or narcotic-like analgesics, except: a. Ibuprofen b. hydrocodone/APAP c. oxycodone/acetaminophen d. tramadol ibuprofen Which of the following classifications of medications would be helpful in treating the patient that is complaining of heartburn? antacids If a patient is prescribed a diabetic agent such as Metformin, which of the following reactions should the patent expect to experience? a decrease in their blood glucose level Of the following, which medication would typically be order to help a patient to get rid of excess fluid in their lungs? furosemide A patient is diagnosed with a blood clot in their left lower leg and is hospitalized. Which of the following would more likely be prescribed for the patient per intravenous solution? Heparin Which of the following would be considered a muscle relaxant that might be ordered for a patient with back pain? Methocarbamol