HEALTH 107 MIDTERM 1 Exam Questions And Answers Well Elaborated

What is a social institution? What are the 4 most important examples? - Correct Answers A social institution is something that guides behavior at a societal level. The 4 most important social institutions are: - Sport - Political - Economic - Medical What is a social location? How does one determine where their social location is? - Correct Answers A social location is a combination of categories that describe a person. A person can find their social location by taking into account factors about themselves, such as gender, socioeconomic status, race. What is intersectionality? Who coined the term? - Correct Answers Intersectionality is a conceptual lens for understanding how different forms of inequality converge and compound The term was coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw. What factors assist in being healthy? What hinders it? - Correct Answers Helps: Time, money, having enough sleep, community care, adequate nutrition Hinders: Not having enough for essentials, not having enough time, physical location, oppression What does simultaneity mean - Correct Answers All parts of a person looked at together, rather than choosing individual factors What does multiplicativity mean? - Correct Answers The intersecting experiences of someone's social location, rather than just adding the categories together What is multiple jeopardies? - Correct Answers Being outside the circle on multiple categories, having many struggles on multiple fronts What do theories involve? - Correct AnswersDescription, Reflection, Analysis Explain structural functionalism, who created it, and if it is a micro or macro level theory - Correct AnswersEmile Durkheim Views society in terms of social balance (inherently good). Society is a social system of interlocking parts of institutions. Actions as a result of external constraining forces Macro-level theory Pros and Cons of Structural Functionalism - Correct AnswersPROS: Solidarity and stability, society is explained by rules CONS: Over emphasizes social consensus, doesn't explain social change Explain conflict theory, who created it, and if it is a micro or macro level theory - Correct AnswersConflict theory was created by Karl Marx. It aims to document societal injustice, particularly that associated with socioeconomic status. It is a macro-level theory Pros and Cons of Conflict theory - Correct AnswersPROS: Highlights class inequalities, moral ends to eliminate the profit motive, unmasks the concept of 'universality' CONS: Limited by environment, affirms the negative Explain Symbolic interactionism, who created it, and if it is a micro or macro level theory - Correct AnswersCreated by Max Weber Society is created and maintained through social interactions, humans create their reality from interactions with others. We understand the world through a continuous construction based on our (symbolic interactions) It is a micro-level theory Pros and Cons of Symbolic Interactionism - Correct AnswersPROS: Relationships between meaningful symbols and our behaviors, gives insight into small scale interactions CONS: overestimates the power of an individual Explain critical social theory, who created it, and if it is a micro or macro level theory - Correct AnswersCreated by George Sefa Dei and Dorothy Smith Combination of symbolic interactionism and conflict theory, though a feminist and antiracist lens Both macro and micro level theory Pros and Cons of Critical Social Theory - Correct AnswersPROS: provides inequality, transforms the social system CONS: impossible to be objective, very difficult to generalize Explain Post Structuralism, who created it, and if it is a micro or macro level theory - Correct AnswersCreated by Micheal Foccault Critiques any attempt at making society a macro level theory (so it is a micro level theory) truth and knowledge cannot be absolute, there is no such thing as objective truth Pros and Cons of Post Structuralism - Correct AnswersPROS: consequences of how the universe is analyzed, there are no restrictions CONS: makes no ideas of its own, no causal links can be made What is Social Constructionism? - Correct Answersnothing we know about the world, including health and illness, is fixed or given. Everything we experience is part of an objective reality that we contribute to What is social constructionism through a mild perspective? - Correct Answers• Objective reality does exist • Our experience of this reality is mediated by the meanings we give this reality • Therefore, the belief that there are multiple realities What is social constructionism through a radical perspective? - Correct Answers• We cannot objectively say whether reality exists • We cannot know if anything is real beyond our own experiences • Our interpretations and sense of what is objectively real are all we really have How does social constructionism apply to health? - Correct AnswersHealth is not seen as obvious or evident Health is how we interpret what others are feeling Health/illness is treated as an idea by others based on our actions Describe the social construction of medical knowledge - Correct AnswersThe medical profession became dominant over other healing traditions through a targeted, political process -- Scientific medicine was not necessarily the only effective approach; rather the status doctors achieved provided them a monopoly in the provision of health services -- Medical doctors became the primary holders of medical knowledge -- Due to their dominance, medical doctors attained the power to determine what it means to be healthy and who is sick What is medicalization? What factors contribute to it? - Correct Answersmedicalization is the process by which something becomes defined as a medical issue. It can come from the top down as an expression of medical dominance, or from the bottom up as lay people push for change. Big pharma also plays a role in this. What is contested illness? - Correct AnswersConditions in which sufferers and their advocates struggle to have medically unexplained symptoms recognized in orthodox biomedical terms, despite resistance from medical researchers, practitioners, and institutions What is de-medicalization? What factors contribute to it? - Correct AnswersThe process, where conditions and behaviours once understood as medical problems are re-conceptualized Groups sometimes push for things to become demedicalized when the label becomes stigmatizing, such as in the case of homosexuality or gender dysphoria Why is well-being difficult to define? - Correct AnswersNo definition gives concrete meaning Many attempts at expressing well being have focused purely on dimensions of well being rather than defining it What is the stock and flow framework? - Correct AnswersWhen an individual is met with a challenge, the stock (social background, personality) combines with flow, which is comprised of income gains and losses (in an emotional context) to produce overall well being What is flow theory? - Correct Answersthe intersection of challenge and capability that combines to create a 'flow state', or an