Microorganism - ANSWER Single cell (bacteria, archaeons, fungi, protozoa, algae)
Virus - ANSWER Not living, not considered microorganisms, considered microbes
Microbes - ANSWER Include microorganisms and viruses, can be advantageous or harm-
ful
Cell - ANSWER Smallest, most basic biological unit of life
All cells are compromised of - ANSWER Macromolecules (building bloacks)
Four main types of macromolecules found ing cells - ANSWER Proteins, nucleic acids, li-
pids, and polysaccharides
Proteins - ANSWER Comprised of amino acids, facilitate movement of materials, act as
enzymes to speed up biochemical processes, structural role
Amino Acid - ANSWER Way proteins are formed by varying combinations, 20 different
kinds
Each protein - ANSWER has its own unique sequence of amino acids
Essential Amino Acids - ANSWER human body cannot produce them, they must be taken
in from the environment through other sources (food you eat)
1
, Nucleic Acid - ANSWER chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell
Two types of nucleic acids - ANSWER DNA and RNA
DNA - ANSWER deoxyribonucleic acid, contains vast amount of hereditary info and is re-
sponsible for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms, made from nucleotides
RNA - ANSWER ribonucleic acid, responsible for deciphering the hereditary information
in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins
Can DNA and RNA be found in the nucleus? - ANSWER Yes
Can DNA and RNA leave the nucleus? - ANSWER Only RNA. DNA is highly compact in the
nucleus
Three parts of a nucleotide - ANSWER Nitrogenous base, sugar called deoxyribose, and a
phosphate group
Four kinds of nitrogenous bases - ANSWER Adenine or guanine (purine bases) and cyto-
sine or thymine (pyrimidine bases)
What forms the backbone of a DNA strand? - ANSWER Sugar and phosphate
What base protrudes outward from the deoxyribose sugar? - ANSWER Nitrogenous base
Strands from DNA produce a - ANSWER double helix (two strands held together by hydro-
gen bonding)
2
Virus - ANSWER Not living, not considered microorganisms, considered microbes
Microbes - ANSWER Include microorganisms and viruses, can be advantageous or harm-
ful
Cell - ANSWER Smallest, most basic biological unit of life
All cells are compromised of - ANSWER Macromolecules (building bloacks)
Four main types of macromolecules found ing cells - ANSWER Proteins, nucleic acids, li-
pids, and polysaccharides
Proteins - ANSWER Comprised of amino acids, facilitate movement of materials, act as
enzymes to speed up biochemical processes, structural role
Amino Acid - ANSWER Way proteins are formed by varying combinations, 20 different
kinds
Each protein - ANSWER has its own unique sequence of amino acids
Essential Amino Acids - ANSWER human body cannot produce them, they must be taken
in from the environment through other sources (food you eat)
1
, Nucleic Acid - ANSWER chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell
Two types of nucleic acids - ANSWER DNA and RNA
DNA - ANSWER deoxyribonucleic acid, contains vast amount of hereditary info and is re-
sponsible for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms, made from nucleotides
RNA - ANSWER ribonucleic acid, responsible for deciphering the hereditary information
in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins
Can DNA and RNA be found in the nucleus? - ANSWER Yes
Can DNA and RNA leave the nucleus? - ANSWER Only RNA. DNA is highly compact in the
nucleus
Three parts of a nucleotide - ANSWER Nitrogenous base, sugar called deoxyribose, and a
phosphate group
Four kinds of nitrogenous bases - ANSWER Adenine or guanine (purine bases) and cyto-
sine or thymine (pyrimidine bases)
What forms the backbone of a DNA strand? - ANSWER Sugar and phosphate
What base protrudes outward from the deoxyribose sugar? - ANSWER Nitrogenous base
Strands from DNA produce a - ANSWER double helix (two strands held together by hydro-
gen bonding)
2
