NUR 529 EXAM 1 EXAM SCRIPT 2026
COMPLETE 150 PLUS QUESTIONS AND
ELABORATED ANSWERS COMPREHENSIVE
TEST PAPER VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
⩥ Morphology. Answer: Refers to the fundamental structure or form of
cells or tissues. Changes are concerned with both the gross anatomic and
microscopic changes that are characteristic of a disease.
⩥ Histology. Answer: Deals with the study of the cells and extracellular
matrix of body tissues. Sections play an important role in the diagnosis
of many types of cancers.
⩥ Clinical Manifestation. Answer: make it evident that the person is sick
(fever)
⩥ Diagnosis. Answer: Designation as to the nature or cause of a health
problem. Requires a careful history, physical examination, and
diagnostic tests.
⩥ Clinical Course. Answer: Describes the evolution of a disease. A
disease can have an acute, subacute, or chronic course. Acute disorder is
relatively severe, but self-limiting. Chronic disease implies a continuous,
,long-term process. Subacute disease is an intermediate or between acute
and chronic; not as severe as an acute disease and not as prolonged as a
chronic disease.
⩥ Primary Prevention. Answer: directed at keeping disease from
occurring by removing risk factors (vaccination)
⩥ Secondary Prevention. Answer: detects disease early when it is still
asymptomatic and treatment measures can effect a cure or stop the
disease from progressing (pap smear)
⩥ Reliability. Answer: the extent to which an observation, when
repeated, gives the same result
⩥ Validity. Answer: the extent to which a measurement tool measures
what it is intended to measure
⩥ Sensitivity. Answer: determining the likelihood or how well the test or
observation identifies people with a disease
⩥ Specificity. Answer: determining the likelihood or how well the test or
observation identifies people without a disease
⩥ Predictive value. Answer: the extent to which an observation or test
result is able to predict the presence of a given disease or condition
,⩥ Incidence. Answer: the number of new cases arising in a population at
risk during a specified time
⩥ Prevalence. Answer: a measure of existing disease in a population at a
given point in time
⩥ Morbidity. Answer: describes the effects an illness has on a person's
life
⩥ Mortality. Answer: pertains to the causes of death in a given
population
⩥ Tertiary Prevention. Answer: directed at clinical interventions that
prevent further deterioration or reduce the complications of a disease
that is already present (antibiotic)
⩥ Hyperplasia. Answer: refers to an increase in the number of cells in an
organ or tissue. It occurs in tissues with cells that are capable of mitotic
division, such as the epidermis, intestinal epithelium, and glandular
tissue.
⩥ Physiologic Hyperplasia. Answer: hormonal (pregnancy) and
compensatory (partial removal of organ)
, ⩥ Hormonal Physiologic Hyperplasia. Answer: breast and uterine
enlargement during pregnancy
⩥ Compensatory Physiologic Hyperplasia. Answer: regeneration of liver
after partial hepatectomy
⩥ nonphysiologic (pathologic) hyperplasia. Answer: due to excessive
hormonal stimulation or the effects of growth factors on target tissues.
Example: excessive estrogen production can cause endometrial
hyperplasia and abnormal menstrual bleeding; benign prostatic
hyperplasia is related to the action of androgens.
⩥ Metaplasia. Answer: represents a reversible change in which one adult
cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by another adult cell
type
⩥ Dysplasia. Answer: is characterized by deranged cell growth of a
specific tissue that results in cells that vary in size, shape, and
organization, strongly implicated as a precursor of cancer
⩥ Necrosis. Answer: refers to cell death in an organ or tissue that is still
part of a living organism
COMPLETE 150 PLUS QUESTIONS AND
ELABORATED ANSWERS COMPREHENSIVE
TEST PAPER VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
⩥ Morphology. Answer: Refers to the fundamental structure or form of
cells or tissues. Changes are concerned with both the gross anatomic and
microscopic changes that are characteristic of a disease.
⩥ Histology. Answer: Deals with the study of the cells and extracellular
matrix of body tissues. Sections play an important role in the diagnosis
of many types of cancers.
⩥ Clinical Manifestation. Answer: make it evident that the person is sick
(fever)
⩥ Diagnosis. Answer: Designation as to the nature or cause of a health
problem. Requires a careful history, physical examination, and
diagnostic tests.
⩥ Clinical Course. Answer: Describes the evolution of a disease. A
disease can have an acute, subacute, or chronic course. Acute disorder is
relatively severe, but self-limiting. Chronic disease implies a continuous,
,long-term process. Subacute disease is an intermediate or between acute
and chronic; not as severe as an acute disease and not as prolonged as a
chronic disease.
⩥ Primary Prevention. Answer: directed at keeping disease from
occurring by removing risk factors (vaccination)
⩥ Secondary Prevention. Answer: detects disease early when it is still
asymptomatic and treatment measures can effect a cure or stop the
disease from progressing (pap smear)
⩥ Reliability. Answer: the extent to which an observation, when
repeated, gives the same result
⩥ Validity. Answer: the extent to which a measurement tool measures
what it is intended to measure
⩥ Sensitivity. Answer: determining the likelihood or how well the test or
observation identifies people with a disease
⩥ Specificity. Answer: determining the likelihood or how well the test or
observation identifies people without a disease
⩥ Predictive value. Answer: the extent to which an observation or test
result is able to predict the presence of a given disease or condition
,⩥ Incidence. Answer: the number of new cases arising in a population at
risk during a specified time
⩥ Prevalence. Answer: a measure of existing disease in a population at a
given point in time
⩥ Morbidity. Answer: describes the effects an illness has on a person's
life
⩥ Mortality. Answer: pertains to the causes of death in a given
population
⩥ Tertiary Prevention. Answer: directed at clinical interventions that
prevent further deterioration or reduce the complications of a disease
that is already present (antibiotic)
⩥ Hyperplasia. Answer: refers to an increase in the number of cells in an
organ or tissue. It occurs in tissues with cells that are capable of mitotic
division, such as the epidermis, intestinal epithelium, and glandular
tissue.
⩥ Physiologic Hyperplasia. Answer: hormonal (pregnancy) and
compensatory (partial removal of organ)
, ⩥ Hormonal Physiologic Hyperplasia. Answer: breast and uterine
enlargement during pregnancy
⩥ Compensatory Physiologic Hyperplasia. Answer: regeneration of liver
after partial hepatectomy
⩥ nonphysiologic (pathologic) hyperplasia. Answer: due to excessive
hormonal stimulation or the effects of growth factors on target tissues.
Example: excessive estrogen production can cause endometrial
hyperplasia and abnormal menstrual bleeding; benign prostatic
hyperplasia is related to the action of androgens.
⩥ Metaplasia. Answer: represents a reversible change in which one adult
cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by another adult cell
type
⩥ Dysplasia. Answer: is characterized by deranged cell growth of a
specific tissue that results in cells that vary in size, shape, and
organization, strongly implicated as a precursor of cancer
⩥ Necrosis. Answer: refers to cell death in an organ or tissue that is still
part of a living organism
