AHS 107 QUIZ 1 Exam With 100% Verified Answers Graded A+.

What is sociology of Activity, Health, & Well-being? - Correct Answers Focuses on the shared beliefs and social practices that constitute specific forms of Physical Activity, Health, & Well-being. How We Understand the Social - Correct Answers- Can be difficult to think of activity, health, & well-being without interaction with other people - Face to Face Interaction or Interacting in the same space - Interaction through Media & Technology Social Institutions - Correct Answers- Activity, Health, & Well-being is Affected by Social Institutions - is affected on a societal level- not individual examples of social institutions - Correct Answers-political (government) - economy (labour force and work) - medicine and health (health promotion and medicine) - sports, leisure and rec social differences & AH WB - Correct Answerssome social differences include ethnic groups, men and women and societal economic levels power and social change - Correct Answerswho has the power? power pf knowingness social arrangements goals of sociology of activity - Correct Answers-provide an introduction - take a penetrating gaze that goes beyond common understanding (what was the obvious? - Identify & Analyze Patterns of Change & Stability -Understand, Critique, Reflect on Issues/Problems and Recommend Change goals - communication - Correct Answers- Improve our Communication - Written & Verbal 3 C's - Contextualization, Comprehension, Conceptualization - Learn & Develop - Expressing our Positions -Avoid Academic Integrity Issues -Begin to set the Foundation for our Academic Careers what is power - Correct Answers point to remember in sociology AH&WB - Correct AnswersBeyond common Understandings Highlights patterns of change, stability, social problems Recommends and pushes for change to enhance equality & well-being Provides info that can be used to increase the understanding of experiences from many perspectives Communication!!!! WEEK 2 The foundation of sociology is theory - Correct Answerscentral tool that we use to understand our world and the role PA? play in our world identify and describe the theories used to study PA in society - Correct AnswersTheories are based on questions about why the world is the way it is, and on ideas about how it might be different sociological theories - Correct AnswersDescription reflection analysis theories have practical implication because they help is to make choices and anticipate consequences Main Theories in Sociology - Correct Answers- structural functionalism - conflict theory - symbolic interactionism - feminism - post structural structural functionalism (Emile Durkheim) - Correct Answersmodel of subject matter- society is a social system of interlocking interrelated parts of institutions Strengths SF - Correct Answers-Promotes Solidarity & Stability -Society is organized in terms of rules weaknesses of SF - Correct Answers-over emphasizes the consensus that exists in society - difficulty explains social change since social change takes a long time there is difficulty Conflict Theory (Karl Max) - Correct Answers-society= a system of structures and relationships shaped by ECONOMY - CTs believe sociologist must discover, document and record recurrent patterns of power/class/gender relations - highlight unique features of a particular situations Strengths of CT - Correct Answers-Focuses on class inequality -Seeks moral ends -"Unmasking" universality Weaknesses of CT - Correct Answers-limited to certain environments - Affirms the negative and conflicted state of society as normal behaviour Symbolic Interactionism (max weber) - Correct Answers-society is created and maintained through social interaction - selves (we)created through interaction - our world views are created through interactions - we understand our world through processes of interpretative and empathetic understanding - continuous construction of reality Strengths of SI - Correct Answers-Increases the relationship between each other -Gives insight weaknesses of SI - Correct Answers-Can be interpreted incorrectly among different groups of people -Overestimates the power of individuals to create their own reality feminist theory (Dorothy Smith/George Sefa Dei) - Correct Answers-Combination of symbolic interactionism & conflict theory -The goal of this theories is give equality, but to ultimately give it to everybody -Society involves cultural production, power relations, & ideological struggles Strengths of Feminist Theory - Correct Answers-Supposed to promote the equality and equity for all groups in society - Empathize critical analysis and transformation of patriarchal social system Weaknesses of feminist theory - Correct Answers-Impossible to be Objective -Very difficult to Generalize to larger society Post-structuralism (post modernism) - Correct Answers-No real definition for this theory and is hard to explain -Truth and knowledge cannot be absolute across space or time -Points out everything wrong with the situation, offers no improvement in return -The politics of identity must be considered to achieve meaningful conclusions -No universal of objective truths and interpreting our society cannot be value free Strengths of PS - Correct Answers-Can help bring a different focus on the consequences of how the body is defined and analyzed -No restrictions of what can be analyzed weaknesses of PS - Correct Answers-Makes almost no assertions of its own - merely an alternative way of studying society and it's institutions -No causal links can be made, and No solutions to problems it seeks to identify through it's analysis which theory is the best - Correct Answers-Remember - Theories are Tools -We choose theories that are based on assumptions that we find useful for our research goals, or that fit our assumptions about social worlds WEEK 3 Health as a social construct -social constructionism - Correct Answersstarts with the observation that nothing we think we know about the world, including health and illness, is either fixed or given. different views on social constructionism - Correct AnswersMild or Contextual Constructionism -Objective reality does exist -Our experience of this reality is mediated by the meanings we give this reality -Therefore, the belief that there are multiple realities Radical or Strict Constructionism -We cannot objectively say whether reality exists -We cannot know if anything is real beyond our own experiences -Our interpretations and sense of what is objectively real are all we really have Social Constructionism & Health - Correct Answers- Social constructionism problematizes the meaning of health and illness -Health is not seen as obvious or self-evident -Health & Illness are treated as IDEAS whose meanings are constructed by social actors (us) with our interactions with other people -Illnesses are not treated as universal states in nature - waiting to be discovered Social Constructionism & Health (2) - Correct Answers-Social constructionists are not concerned with determining whether someone is healthy or not. -Rather: interested in the interactions of people which lead to: Health-related opinions, Social judgements and, How these effect health practices and policies. Social Construction of Medical Knowledge - Correct Answers-The medical profession became dominant over other healing traditions through a targeted, political process -Scientific medicine was not necessarily more effective; rather the status doctors achieved provided them a monopoly in the provision of health services. -Medical doctors became the primary holders of medical knowledge. -Due to their dominance, medical doctors attained the power to determine what it means to be healthy and who is sick Medicalization & Demedicalization - Correct AnswersMedicalization: The process by which conditions and behaviours come to be defined as a medical problem (an illness, disease, syndrome, or disorder) Demedicalization: The process, where conditions and behaviours once understood as medical problems are reconceptualised. -Covers efforts to have disease labels removed Factors & Consequences in Medicalization - Correct AnswersFactor: Expression of Professional Dominance - Top Down Impetus (force that moves) for medicalization is coming from lay groups - Bottom Up Big Pharma has become major players in medicalization - "Pill for every Ill" approach Consequences: Medical labels are generally better & punitive than criminal labels Medical labels evoke sympathetic responses from others - absolves person of responsibility Individualized problems Depoliticizes behaviours Demedicalization - Correct AnswersJust as successful claims-making can result in "normal" conditions becoming medical problems, it can also lead to "diseases" being redefined as normal. The social process that normalizes "sick" behaviour Homosexuality, Differently Abled, Deaf and/or Blind Culture are classic examples of demedicalization Contested Illnesses - Correct Answers-Physicians tend to be reluctant to deal with these conditions because of the uncertainly that surrounds them: Symptoms can be vague, they are difficult to diagnose, their causes are unknown, and they are complicated to manage or treat -Living with an illness means coping not only with the symptoms, but with medical uncertainty, public skepticism, and disparagement. -In this sense, cases of contested illness offer an opportunity to explore the reverse side of the demedicalization process. -Whereas demedicalization literature addresses efforts to resist disease labels, contested illness literature focuses on groups' efforts to have their experiences recognized as illness. Lay Constructions of Health & Illness - Correct Answers-Concerned less about "official" recognition for certain understandings about illness and more about how we make sense of illness in our own lives -Examines the experience of living with a chronic illness; individuals often respond imaginatively and find ways to give their suffering meaning. Health as a Social Construct: Summary - Correct Answers-Health and illness are a part of our everyday life; but we often don't think about how our thoughts about these phenomenon are shaped. -Rarely question why specific behaviours or conditions fall into one or the other category. -Social constructionist examine health and illness as social constructions, which include labels, meanings, and interpretations; these have consequences for how we respond to particular events/situations. -Recognition that ideas about health and illness are constantly shifting. Trying to Define Well-being - Correct Answers What is Well-being? - Correct Answers-Well-being definition remains unresolved - blurred & overly broad definitions -Most describe it, but few actually define the meaning Various views on what is actually is - much debate "intangible, difficult to define an even harder to measure What Constitutes Well-being? - Correct Answers-Life satisfaction, pleasant & unpleasant affect -Autonomy, environmental mastery, positive relationships with others, purpose in life, realization of potential, & self-acceptance -Absence of Disease -Absence of Distress & Dysfunction definition of well-being - Correct AnswersEach time an individual meets a challenge: the system of challenges and resources comes into a state of imbalance -as the individual is forced to adapt their resources to meet the particular challenge (Kloep et al., 2009) Stable well-being is when people have the psychological, social, & physical resources they need to meet a particular psychological, social, &/or physical challenge More challenges than recourses = decrease in well-being More resources than challenges = increase in well-being Stagnation lack of challenge = decrease in well-being Strengths of New(ish) Definition - Correct AnswersSimplicity - movement away from broad definitions Universal Application - applied to all demographics Optimism - emphasis on positive psychology we are decision makers & influence our own well-being through choices & becoming masterful Basis for Measurement - tangible & operationalized, measurement becomes easier Week 4 - Correct Answers Sex - Correct Answers"Sex" refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women -Typically, we think of a person's sex as being "male" or "female" but... There is variation in the biological attributes that comprise sex and how those attributes are expressed gender - Correct Answers-Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, expressions and identities of girls, women, boys, men, and gender diverse people. -It influences how people perceive themselves and each other, how they act and interact, and the distribution of power and resources in society cisgender - Correct AnswersAn adjective used to describe a person whose gender identity aligns with their sex assigned at birth transgender - Correct AnswersAn encompassing term to describe the gender identities of those who do not identify (or exclusively identify) with their sex assigned at birth social construct - Correct Answers-understanding and meaning are developed in coordination with other human beings how do we construct gender - Cor