BROOKS BIODIVERSITY UNIT 3 ACTUAL
TEST PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS
◉Modes of Nutrition in Fungi. Answer: Heterotrophs with
extracellular digestion
◉Exoenzymes. Answer: Fungi Release these enzymes outside of the
cell wall. Break down complex molecules into smaller organic
molecules which can be absorbed.
◉Extracellular Digestion. Answer: The release of exoenzymes out
side of the cell wall, followed by the absorption of nutrients..
◉Saprobes. Answer: Fungi that feed on non-living/dead organisms
◉Symbionts. Answer: Fungus that lives with another living
organism (form a symbiotic relationship)
◉Mutualism in Fungi. Answer: both organisms benefit, neither is
harmed.
,Ex: Lichens - fungi and algae (cyanobacteria)
Ex: Mycorrhizae - fungi and plant roots
◉Commensalism. Answer: One organism benefits, the other is
unharmed
◉Parasitism. Answer: One organism benefits, the other is harmed
◉Examples of Parasitism in Fungi. Answer: Ex: Fungus as a human
parasite (Athelete's Foot)
Ex: Fungus as a plant parasite
1. black stem rust on wheat
2. ergots on rye
3. strawberries with botrytis mold
4. pink ear rot of corn
◉Black Stem Rust. Answer: Parasitic relationship with fungus and
plant. Occurs on wheat
◉Ergots. Answer: Parasitic relationship with fungus and plant that
occurs on rye and gives hallucinogenic sensations
,◉Botrytis Mold. Answer: Parasitic relationship with fungus and
plants that occurs on strawberries
◉Fungi Characteristics. Answer: 1. Heterotrophic
2. Extracellular Digestion
3. Chitin-Based Cell wall
4. Most fungi are made up of filaments called Hyphae
◉Hyphae. Answer: filaments (long and branching) that make up the
structure of a fungus
In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth
Hyphae are Septate or Coenocytic
◉Yeast. Answer: Yeast is a unicellular fungi and do not have/grow
hyphae
MOST FUNGI ARE MULTICELLULAR, BUT YEAST IS UNICELLULAR
◉Septate. Answer: You can see the cell separation because the nuclei
are confined in and separated by cell walls
Think "separate"
, ◉Coenocytic. Answer: You cant see the cell separation. It is
multinucleated meaning that there are multiple nuclei not separated
by a cell wall
◉Thallus/Mycelium. Answer: collectively refers to a bunch of
hyphae that together make up the body of the fungus
Hyphae (smallest unit) make up the mycelium (entire fungus body)
◉Haustoria. Answer: The hyphal tip of a parasitic fungus that
penetrates the cell of other organisms (the host)
After penetration these specialized hyphae release enzymes that
break down the cell wall, thus allowing greater potential movement
of organic carbon from host to fungus.
◉What is Fungi Most closely related to?. Answer: Fungi have cell
walls and fruiting bodies, so were originally thought to be plants.
However, they are most closely related to animals
◉Fungi Nuclei. Answer: Most fungi cells have 2 nuclei
◉Mitosis. Answer: Has NO prerequisite for cell division, all it needs
is a nucleus. What you start with is what you end with (identical
nuclei and identical DNA)
TEST PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS
◉Modes of Nutrition in Fungi. Answer: Heterotrophs with
extracellular digestion
◉Exoenzymes. Answer: Fungi Release these enzymes outside of the
cell wall. Break down complex molecules into smaller organic
molecules which can be absorbed.
◉Extracellular Digestion. Answer: The release of exoenzymes out
side of the cell wall, followed by the absorption of nutrients..
◉Saprobes. Answer: Fungi that feed on non-living/dead organisms
◉Symbionts. Answer: Fungus that lives with another living
organism (form a symbiotic relationship)
◉Mutualism in Fungi. Answer: both organisms benefit, neither is
harmed.
,Ex: Lichens - fungi and algae (cyanobacteria)
Ex: Mycorrhizae - fungi and plant roots
◉Commensalism. Answer: One organism benefits, the other is
unharmed
◉Parasitism. Answer: One organism benefits, the other is harmed
◉Examples of Parasitism in Fungi. Answer: Ex: Fungus as a human
parasite (Athelete's Foot)
Ex: Fungus as a plant parasite
1. black stem rust on wheat
2. ergots on rye
3. strawberries with botrytis mold
4. pink ear rot of corn
◉Black Stem Rust. Answer: Parasitic relationship with fungus and
plant. Occurs on wheat
◉Ergots. Answer: Parasitic relationship with fungus and plant that
occurs on rye and gives hallucinogenic sensations
,◉Botrytis Mold. Answer: Parasitic relationship with fungus and
plants that occurs on strawberries
◉Fungi Characteristics. Answer: 1. Heterotrophic
2. Extracellular Digestion
3. Chitin-Based Cell wall
4. Most fungi are made up of filaments called Hyphae
◉Hyphae. Answer: filaments (long and branching) that make up the
structure of a fungus
In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth
Hyphae are Septate or Coenocytic
◉Yeast. Answer: Yeast is a unicellular fungi and do not have/grow
hyphae
MOST FUNGI ARE MULTICELLULAR, BUT YEAST IS UNICELLULAR
◉Septate. Answer: You can see the cell separation because the nuclei
are confined in and separated by cell walls
Think "separate"
, ◉Coenocytic. Answer: You cant see the cell separation. It is
multinucleated meaning that there are multiple nuclei not separated
by a cell wall
◉Thallus/Mycelium. Answer: collectively refers to a bunch of
hyphae that together make up the body of the fungus
Hyphae (smallest unit) make up the mycelium (entire fungus body)
◉Haustoria. Answer: The hyphal tip of a parasitic fungus that
penetrates the cell of other organisms (the host)
After penetration these specialized hyphae release enzymes that
break down the cell wall, thus allowing greater potential movement
of organic carbon from host to fungus.
◉What is Fungi Most closely related to?. Answer: Fungi have cell
walls and fruiting bodies, so were originally thought to be plants.
However, they are most closely related to animals
◉Fungi Nuclei. Answer: Most fungi cells have 2 nuclei
◉Mitosis. Answer: Has NO prerequisite for cell division, all it needs
is a nucleus. What you start with is what you end with (identical
nuclei and identical DNA)
