BROOKS BIODIVERSITY UNIT 3
CERTIFICATION REVIEW SCRIPT 2026
ACCURATE Q&A COLLECTION
◉Phylum Ascomycota Reproduction (Asexual). Answer: Takes place
in Conidia
Reproduce asexually via spores called condo borne on hyphae
structures called conidiophores
◉Phylum Ascomycota Reproduction (Sexual). Answer: Meiosis takes
place in asci (KNOW)
Steps:
1. Hyphae (n) fuse to produce a dikaryotic region of cytoplasm with
two genetically distinct types of nuclei (Called an antheridium)
2. This dikaryotic antheridium (fused hyphae) divides mitotically,
growing into a "fruiting body" known as an ascocarp (n + n)
3. The ascocarp bears specialized cells (called asci, because they
resemble little sacs) in which karyogamy occurs - fusion of the
nuclei to produce 2n
4. The diploid ask then divide meiotically to produce 3 genetically
unique cells. MEIOSIS HAPPENS IN ASCI
,5. Those cells undergo one round of mitosis to produce 8 escapers (4
unique from meiosis, and 4 non-unique from mitosis)
◉Antheridium. Answer: a tube like structure that causes
plasmogamy; fusion of the hyphae to get to the dikaryotic stage (n
+n)
Phylum Ascomycota
◉Phylum Basidiomycota. Answer: "Club Fungi"
Spores dispersed by air
Basidium --> Basidiocarp
Terrestrial
Ex: Mushrooms, Toadstools, Puffballs, Shelf/Bracket Fungi, "Fairy
Rings", Bleeding Fungus
◉Basidium. Answer: club-shaped reproductive structure in Phylum
Basidiomycota
◉Basidiocarp. Answer: Body of a mushroom which is their fruiting
body producing their spores
Phylum Basidiomycota
, ◉Phylum Basidiomycota Reproduction. Answer: Produces 4
genetically unique Basidiospores that are directly released into the
air.
Steps:
1. The hyphae fuse through plasmogamy to produce a dikaryotic
hyphae (n + n)
2. Dikaryotic hyphae divides mitotically and grows into a fruiting
body known as the basidiocarp
3. The basidiocarp bears specialized cells called basidia in which
karyogamy occurs (cell nuclei fuse to produce 2n)
4. Meiosis then occurs in the basidia (IMPORTANT) to produce
genetically unique basidiospores
NO SECOND MITOTIC DIVISION
◉Puffballs. Answer: Can produce billions if not trillions of spores.
Largest spore producing organism
Phylum Basidiomycota
◉Shelf/Bracket Fungi. Answer: Fruiting bodies (top of mushroom)
sticking out of trees.
Looks like a shelf
Phylum Basidiomycota
◉Fairy Rings. Answer: Worlds "Largest" Organism
CERTIFICATION REVIEW SCRIPT 2026
ACCURATE Q&A COLLECTION
◉Phylum Ascomycota Reproduction (Asexual). Answer: Takes place
in Conidia
Reproduce asexually via spores called condo borne on hyphae
structures called conidiophores
◉Phylum Ascomycota Reproduction (Sexual). Answer: Meiosis takes
place in asci (KNOW)
Steps:
1. Hyphae (n) fuse to produce a dikaryotic region of cytoplasm with
two genetically distinct types of nuclei (Called an antheridium)
2. This dikaryotic antheridium (fused hyphae) divides mitotically,
growing into a "fruiting body" known as an ascocarp (n + n)
3. The ascocarp bears specialized cells (called asci, because they
resemble little sacs) in which karyogamy occurs - fusion of the
nuclei to produce 2n
4. The diploid ask then divide meiotically to produce 3 genetically
unique cells. MEIOSIS HAPPENS IN ASCI
,5. Those cells undergo one round of mitosis to produce 8 escapers (4
unique from meiosis, and 4 non-unique from mitosis)
◉Antheridium. Answer: a tube like structure that causes
plasmogamy; fusion of the hyphae to get to the dikaryotic stage (n
+n)
Phylum Ascomycota
◉Phylum Basidiomycota. Answer: "Club Fungi"
Spores dispersed by air
Basidium --> Basidiocarp
Terrestrial
Ex: Mushrooms, Toadstools, Puffballs, Shelf/Bracket Fungi, "Fairy
Rings", Bleeding Fungus
◉Basidium. Answer: club-shaped reproductive structure in Phylum
Basidiomycota
◉Basidiocarp. Answer: Body of a mushroom which is their fruiting
body producing their spores
Phylum Basidiomycota
, ◉Phylum Basidiomycota Reproduction. Answer: Produces 4
genetically unique Basidiospores that are directly released into the
air.
Steps:
1. The hyphae fuse through plasmogamy to produce a dikaryotic
hyphae (n + n)
2. Dikaryotic hyphae divides mitotically and grows into a fruiting
body known as the basidiocarp
3. The basidiocarp bears specialized cells called basidia in which
karyogamy occurs (cell nuclei fuse to produce 2n)
4. Meiosis then occurs in the basidia (IMPORTANT) to produce
genetically unique basidiospores
NO SECOND MITOTIC DIVISION
◉Puffballs. Answer: Can produce billions if not trillions of spores.
Largest spore producing organism
Phylum Basidiomycota
◉Shelf/Bracket Fungi. Answer: Fruiting bodies (top of mushroom)
sticking out of trees.
Looks like a shelf
Phylum Basidiomycota
◉Fairy Rings. Answer: Worlds "Largest" Organism
