BROOKS BIODIVERSITY UNIT 3 MASTER
STUDY SHEET 2026 VERIFIED QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS
◉Leaf Structure. Answer: Epidermis, Mesophyll, and Vein (Vascular
Bundle)
◉Epidermis contains what?. Answer: - Cuticle
- Guard cells with Stomata
◉Epidermis. Answer: outermost cell layer of a plant body
cutin: (wax) excreted by epidermis
◉Cuticle. Answer: Waxy waterproof covering of a plant.
Produced by the epidermis and has wax to resist desiccation.
◉Guard Cells. Answer: Responsible for opening and closing stomata.
Works together with stomata to regulate gas exchange.
Prevents movement of water ACROSS surface
,◉Stomata. Answer: Small openings on the underside of a leaf
through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move.
Mostly on lower surfaces, sometimes on upper surfaces. Found on
both surfaces.
Allows for gas exchange.
◉2 aspects of Photosynthesis. Answer: light dependent reactions
light independent reactions
◉Mesophyll contains what?. Answer: - Parenchyma
- Dicots have Palisade & Spongy Layers
◉Mesophyll. Answer: Middle leaf structures photosynthetic layer.
◉Parenchyma. Answer: Ground tissue that forms the bulk of the
mesophyll
Can be modified into collenchyma and sclerenchyma
Thin and flexible cells
Most common and versatile ground tissue
Used for metabolic functions and storage of organic products
,◉Palisade & Spongy layers. Answer: Palisade layer: where light
dependent reactions occur, near the surface. Top part of the
mesophyll in dicot plants.
Spongy mesophyll or spongy parenchyma: soft lower layer. Has
access to CO2 through stomata. Kelvin Cycle: where carbon fixation
occurs, converting nonorganic CO2 into sugars.
◉Vein (Vascular bundle). Answer: Transports materials throughout
the leaf and contains the xylem and phloem.
Separating the VB = damage.
◉Stem Structure. Answer: Epidermis, Cortex, Collenchyma,
Sclerenchyma, Vascular Tissues
◉Xylem. Answer: (Xylem Up)
Distributes water from roots throughout
Aimed towards stem
Red
Tells age of tree
Contains: tracheids & vessel members
◉Tracheids. Answer: Thin, hollow, narrow tube, dead cells with
perforated, tapered ends.
, Vestigial structure
First kind of tube made
Present in early vascular plants and present in angiosperms and
gymnosperms (slow flow)
◉Vessel Members. Answer: Thick, hollow, wide tube, dead cells with
large holes on end.
Clearly visible
◉Phloem. Answer: (Phloem Down)
Distributes the products of photosynthesis (sugary water) to plants
tissues.
Blue
Contains: Sieve tube members (element) & Companion cells
◉Sieve Tube Members. Answer: hollow, living cells with perforated
cells
◉Companion Cells. Answer: living cells that help keep sieve tube
member cells alive.
Production of sugars in Kelvin Cycle require transportation done by
companion cells into phloem
STUDY SHEET 2026 VERIFIED QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS
◉Leaf Structure. Answer: Epidermis, Mesophyll, and Vein (Vascular
Bundle)
◉Epidermis contains what?. Answer: - Cuticle
- Guard cells with Stomata
◉Epidermis. Answer: outermost cell layer of a plant body
cutin: (wax) excreted by epidermis
◉Cuticle. Answer: Waxy waterproof covering of a plant.
Produced by the epidermis and has wax to resist desiccation.
◉Guard Cells. Answer: Responsible for opening and closing stomata.
Works together with stomata to regulate gas exchange.
Prevents movement of water ACROSS surface
,◉Stomata. Answer: Small openings on the underside of a leaf
through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move.
Mostly on lower surfaces, sometimes on upper surfaces. Found on
both surfaces.
Allows for gas exchange.
◉2 aspects of Photosynthesis. Answer: light dependent reactions
light independent reactions
◉Mesophyll contains what?. Answer: - Parenchyma
- Dicots have Palisade & Spongy Layers
◉Mesophyll. Answer: Middle leaf structures photosynthetic layer.
◉Parenchyma. Answer: Ground tissue that forms the bulk of the
mesophyll
Can be modified into collenchyma and sclerenchyma
Thin and flexible cells
Most common and versatile ground tissue
Used for metabolic functions and storage of organic products
,◉Palisade & Spongy layers. Answer: Palisade layer: where light
dependent reactions occur, near the surface. Top part of the
mesophyll in dicot plants.
Spongy mesophyll or spongy parenchyma: soft lower layer. Has
access to CO2 through stomata. Kelvin Cycle: where carbon fixation
occurs, converting nonorganic CO2 into sugars.
◉Vein (Vascular bundle). Answer: Transports materials throughout
the leaf and contains the xylem and phloem.
Separating the VB = damage.
◉Stem Structure. Answer: Epidermis, Cortex, Collenchyma,
Sclerenchyma, Vascular Tissues
◉Xylem. Answer: (Xylem Up)
Distributes water from roots throughout
Aimed towards stem
Red
Tells age of tree
Contains: tracheids & vessel members
◉Tracheids. Answer: Thin, hollow, narrow tube, dead cells with
perforated, tapered ends.
, Vestigial structure
First kind of tube made
Present in early vascular plants and present in angiosperms and
gymnosperms (slow flow)
◉Vessel Members. Answer: Thick, hollow, wide tube, dead cells with
large holes on end.
Clearly visible
◉Phloem. Answer: (Phloem Down)
Distributes the products of photosynthesis (sugary water) to plants
tissues.
Blue
Contains: Sieve tube members (element) & Companion cells
◉Sieve Tube Members. Answer: hollow, living cells with perforated
cells
◉Companion Cells. Answer: living cells that help keep sieve tube
member cells alive.
Production of sugars in Kelvin Cycle require transportation done by
companion cells into phloem
