OKLMFT OLERE PRACTICE EXAM SCRIPT
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND WELL
DEFINED ANSWERS COMPREHENSIVE TEST
PAPER VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ respiratory alkalosis. Answer: Disturbance in acid-base balance due to
alveolar hyperventilation. When you breath too fast or too deep, and co2
levels drop too low. This causes pH to rise
S/s: dizziness, bloating, numbness, tingling, confusion, dry mouth, heart
palpitations, SOB
⩥ metabolic alkalosis. Answer: PH of tissue is elevated beyond the
normal range, HCO3 is elevated, pH is elevated.
S/s: confusion, tremor, lightheaded ness, numbness/tingling
Causes: vomiting, hypovolemia, diuretic use, hypokalemia, diarrhea, n/v
Tx: k supplement, k sparing diuretics, NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors
⩥ metabolic acidosis. Answer: Too much acid in body; low HCO3, low
pH
Causes: kidney not removing enough acid, diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic
acid, severe diarrhea, prolonged oxygen from shock, HF, severe anemia,
dehydration's
S/s: rapid breathing, confusion, tired
,To: naHCO3 - reduce acidity in blood.
⩥ cardiogenic shock. Answer: A state in which not enough oxygen is
delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from
the heart. Decrease CO, tissue perfusion, MAP, UO, LOC.
Give positive inotropes: dopamine, dobutamine, digoxin -> help
contractions (can increase HR and CO)
⩥ Cardiac Output (CO). Answer: 4-8 L/min; amount of blood pumped
into the heart in one min.
CO = HR x SV. If stroke volume goes down, heart rate will go up to
compensate.
⩥ Rubella in pregancy. Answer: -if mom has rubella, infant should be
placed in precautions after birth.
-avoid pregnant mothers bc infant has infection
-congenital rubella syndrome triad: cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss,
patent ductus arteriosus
-no need to stop breastfeeding, If mom has it, baby will get it since
transmission rate is high
-does blood to test for rubella igM should be done after putting newborn
in contact isolation
,⩥ Heroin withdrawal. Answer: N/V, cramping, dilated pupils, yawning,
lacrimination, rinorrhea
⩥ Transesophageal fistula. Answer: esophagus doesn't fully develop.
This is a surgical emergency (3 signs in newborn: choking, coughing,
cyanosis) drooling, abdominal distribution, aspiration,
⩥ Hypermagnesemia. Answer: Hyporeflexia, paralysis, apnea, cardiac
arrests, hypotension, bradycardia
If low mg, low calcium; if high mg, high Ca.
Low ca = high phosphorus vice versa
⩥ multiple sclerosis. Answer: A chronic disease of the central nervous
system marked by damage to the myelin sheath. Plaques occur in the
brain and spinal cord causing tremor, weakness, incoordination,
paresthesia, and disturbances in vision and speech
Eye patch is used to relieve symptoms of diplopia.
⩥ Patient in labor and hypotension. Answer: Patient in labor can develop
hypotension when lying supine due to pressure of pregnant uterus on the
vena cava. Placing a wedge on right hip displaces the uterus to left
thereby away from vena cava -> preventing hypotension
, ⩥ Clinical manifestations of early decompensation of respiratory failure.
Answer: nasal flaring, grunting, retractions, mood swings, wheezing,
anxiety, HA, confusion
⩥ Increase in urine out. Answer: condition is improving because fluid is
moving out of lungs into general circulation, alevoli are opening, and
kidney perfusion is increased
⩥ Peritoneal dialysis. Answer: dialysis in which the lining of the
peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood
if blood-tinged fluid is seen, report to HCP
⩥ Addison's Disease. Answer: a condition that occurs when the adrenal
glands do not produce enough cortisol or aldosterone.
Increase in K, decrease in Na and H2O
-also causes HYPONATREMIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA
-Can result in hypotension ad hyperpyrexia = increase in fever
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND WELL
DEFINED ANSWERS COMPREHENSIVE TEST
PAPER VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ respiratory alkalosis. Answer: Disturbance in acid-base balance due to
alveolar hyperventilation. When you breath too fast or too deep, and co2
levels drop too low. This causes pH to rise
S/s: dizziness, bloating, numbness, tingling, confusion, dry mouth, heart
palpitations, SOB
⩥ metabolic alkalosis. Answer: PH of tissue is elevated beyond the
normal range, HCO3 is elevated, pH is elevated.
S/s: confusion, tremor, lightheaded ness, numbness/tingling
Causes: vomiting, hypovolemia, diuretic use, hypokalemia, diarrhea, n/v
Tx: k supplement, k sparing diuretics, NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors
⩥ metabolic acidosis. Answer: Too much acid in body; low HCO3, low
pH
Causes: kidney not removing enough acid, diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic
acid, severe diarrhea, prolonged oxygen from shock, HF, severe anemia,
dehydration's
S/s: rapid breathing, confusion, tired
,To: naHCO3 - reduce acidity in blood.
⩥ cardiogenic shock. Answer: A state in which not enough oxygen is
delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from
the heart. Decrease CO, tissue perfusion, MAP, UO, LOC.
Give positive inotropes: dopamine, dobutamine, digoxin -> help
contractions (can increase HR and CO)
⩥ Cardiac Output (CO). Answer: 4-8 L/min; amount of blood pumped
into the heart in one min.
CO = HR x SV. If stroke volume goes down, heart rate will go up to
compensate.
⩥ Rubella in pregancy. Answer: -if mom has rubella, infant should be
placed in precautions after birth.
-avoid pregnant mothers bc infant has infection
-congenital rubella syndrome triad: cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss,
patent ductus arteriosus
-no need to stop breastfeeding, If mom has it, baby will get it since
transmission rate is high
-does blood to test for rubella igM should be done after putting newborn
in contact isolation
,⩥ Heroin withdrawal. Answer: N/V, cramping, dilated pupils, yawning,
lacrimination, rinorrhea
⩥ Transesophageal fistula. Answer: esophagus doesn't fully develop.
This is a surgical emergency (3 signs in newborn: choking, coughing,
cyanosis) drooling, abdominal distribution, aspiration,
⩥ Hypermagnesemia. Answer: Hyporeflexia, paralysis, apnea, cardiac
arrests, hypotension, bradycardia
If low mg, low calcium; if high mg, high Ca.
Low ca = high phosphorus vice versa
⩥ multiple sclerosis. Answer: A chronic disease of the central nervous
system marked by damage to the myelin sheath. Plaques occur in the
brain and spinal cord causing tremor, weakness, incoordination,
paresthesia, and disturbances in vision and speech
Eye patch is used to relieve symptoms of diplopia.
⩥ Patient in labor and hypotension. Answer: Patient in labor can develop
hypotension when lying supine due to pressure of pregnant uterus on the
vena cava. Placing a wedge on right hip displaces the uterus to left
thereby away from vena cava -> preventing hypotension
, ⩥ Clinical manifestations of early decompensation of respiratory failure.
Answer: nasal flaring, grunting, retractions, mood swings, wheezing,
anxiety, HA, confusion
⩥ Increase in urine out. Answer: condition is improving because fluid is
moving out of lungs into general circulation, alevoli are opening, and
kidney perfusion is increased
⩥ Peritoneal dialysis. Answer: dialysis in which the lining of the
peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood
if blood-tinged fluid is seen, report to HCP
⩥ Addison's Disease. Answer: a condition that occurs when the adrenal
glands do not produce enough cortisol or aldosterone.
Increase in K, decrease in Na and H2O
-also causes HYPONATREMIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA
-Can result in hypotension ad hyperpyrexia = increase in fever
