FLETC WRITTEN EXAM #1 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS 2026/2027
Graham v. Connor (1989) - ANS Recognized that the right to make an arrest or investigatory
stop necessarily carries with it the right to use some degree of physical coercion/threat to affect
it.
In the course of an arrest or stop is properly analyzed by Fourth Amendment's 'objective
reasonableness' standard
Graham Factors - ANS Severity of crime
Whether suspect poses an immediate threat
Whether suspect is actively resisting arrest
Attempting to evade arrest by flight
Additional factors considered when applying standard of Graham v. Connor that may govern the
reasonableness of using force - ANS # of suspects/# of officers
Size, age, condition of officer/suspect
Duration of action
Whether force applied resulted in injury
Previous violent history known to officer at time
Use of alcohol/drugs
Suspect's mental history known to officer at time
Presence of innocent bystanders
2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
1
,Availability of officer weapons
Range of Reasonableness - ANS Officer responses range from:
Hesitation---------------Aggressive
Tennessee v. Garner (1985) - ANS Supreme Court stated it is not reasonable to shoot an
unarmed non-dangerous fleeing suspect.
Key Elements of Tennessee v. Garner - ANS Probable cause
Threat
Officer not obligated to wait until death or serious bodily harm is occurring
If based on totality of circumstance and the officer perceives a threat of such action, a
reasonable force option may be used
Pre-Assault Indicators - ANS Verbal aggression
Change in posture
Face becomes red, showing teeth, breathing faster
Individual ignores you or stares through you
Aggression
Hands tighten
Individual becomes rigid
Chin tucked
Common Restrictions in Agency Use of Force Policy - ANS Use of warning shots
Use of maximum force
Moving vehicles
Exhausting lesser means of force first
2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
2
, Physiological Changes triggered when faced with a threat - ANS Pounding heart
Muscle tension
Rapid, shallow breathing
Nausea
Dizziness
Dry mouth
Diminished sound
Tunnel vision
Slow motion time
Memory loss
Memory distortion
Tunnel Vision - ANS Loss of peripheral vision
Heightened Visual Clarity - ANS Clear picture of details you ordinarily might not
notice/remember
Hearing Distortions - ANS Total loss of hearing, to muffled or distant
Time Distortion - ANS Things seem to speed up or slow down
Cognitive/Behavioral Changes triggered when faced with a threat - ANS Automatic Behavior
Memory Gaps
Intrusive Thoughts
Methods of overcoming hesitation in use of force - ANS Mental preparation
Proper Training
Belief in mission
2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
3
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS 2026/2027
Graham v. Connor (1989) - ANS Recognized that the right to make an arrest or investigatory
stop necessarily carries with it the right to use some degree of physical coercion/threat to affect
it.
In the course of an arrest or stop is properly analyzed by Fourth Amendment's 'objective
reasonableness' standard
Graham Factors - ANS Severity of crime
Whether suspect poses an immediate threat
Whether suspect is actively resisting arrest
Attempting to evade arrest by flight
Additional factors considered when applying standard of Graham v. Connor that may govern the
reasonableness of using force - ANS # of suspects/# of officers
Size, age, condition of officer/suspect
Duration of action
Whether force applied resulted in injury
Previous violent history known to officer at time
Use of alcohol/drugs
Suspect's mental history known to officer at time
Presence of innocent bystanders
2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
1
,Availability of officer weapons
Range of Reasonableness - ANS Officer responses range from:
Hesitation---------------Aggressive
Tennessee v. Garner (1985) - ANS Supreme Court stated it is not reasonable to shoot an
unarmed non-dangerous fleeing suspect.
Key Elements of Tennessee v. Garner - ANS Probable cause
Threat
Officer not obligated to wait until death or serious bodily harm is occurring
If based on totality of circumstance and the officer perceives a threat of such action, a
reasonable force option may be used
Pre-Assault Indicators - ANS Verbal aggression
Change in posture
Face becomes red, showing teeth, breathing faster
Individual ignores you or stares through you
Aggression
Hands tighten
Individual becomes rigid
Chin tucked
Common Restrictions in Agency Use of Force Policy - ANS Use of warning shots
Use of maximum force
Moving vehicles
Exhausting lesser means of force first
2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
2
, Physiological Changes triggered when faced with a threat - ANS Pounding heart
Muscle tension
Rapid, shallow breathing
Nausea
Dizziness
Dry mouth
Diminished sound
Tunnel vision
Slow motion time
Memory loss
Memory distortion
Tunnel Vision - ANS Loss of peripheral vision
Heightened Visual Clarity - ANS Clear picture of details you ordinarily might not
notice/remember
Hearing Distortions - ANS Total loss of hearing, to muffled or distant
Time Distortion - ANS Things seem to speed up or slow down
Cognitive/Behavioral Changes triggered when faced with a threat - ANS Automatic Behavior
Memory Gaps
Intrusive Thoughts
Methods of overcoming hesitation in use of force - ANS Mental preparation
Proper Training
Belief in mission
2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
3
