FINAL EXAM 2025/2026 | COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES | 100% VERIFIED< RECENT
UPDATE>
consonant blends - ANSWER a group of two or more consonants in a word
where each consonant sound is heard, such as "bl" in "blend" or "str" in "street."
vowel team - ANSWER a pair or group of adjacent vowels that represent a
single sound or phoneme
diphthongs - ANSWER complex vowel sounds that consist of a blend of two
vowel sounds within the same syllable
silent letter patterns - ANSWER sequences in words where certain letters are
written but not pronounced, such as the "k" in "knight" or the "b" in "lamb."
graphemes - ANSWER the written symbols (letters or a combination of letters)
that represent phonemes (speech sounds) in written language
,phonemes - ANSWER the smallest units of sound in spoken language that
distinguish one word from another
comprehension - ANSWER understanding and interpreting the meaning of text
vocabulary - ANSWER a deep understanding of a words' meaning, once
achieved, the word will be stored the brain's mental lexicon (storehouse of words)
fluency - ANSWER the ability to read text accurately, automatically, and with
expression
accuracy - ANSWER reading words correctly
prosody - ANSWER reading with appropriate expression, intonation, and
phrasing
foundational writing - ANSWER the fundamental skills and concepts that serve
as the building blocks for effective written communication
phonology - ANSWER the study of the sound patterns of language, including
the organization and systematic relationships of speech sounds (phonemes) within
a particular language or dialect
morphology - ANSWER the study of how words are put together with smaller
parts called morphemes, which can be prefixes, suffixes, root words, or other word
parts
,lexical semantics - ANSWER the branch of semantics that focuses on the
meaning and interpretation of individual words (lexemes) and the relationships
between words in a language
orthography - ANSWER the conventional system of spelling and writing in a
language
pragmatics - ANSWER the branch of linguistics that studies how context, social
curs, and shared knowledge influence the interpretation and use of language in
communication
sentential semantics - ANSWER the branch of semantics that focuses on the
meaning and interpretation of sentences and larger units of discourse
structured literacy - ANSWER an instructional approach that emphasizes
explicit, systematic teaching of reading, including phonemic awareness, phonics,
fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension
Key Elements Before teaching - ANSWER -Focus on teaching crucial content
that matches students' needs.
-Arrange skills logically, considering difficulty and frequency.
-Break complex skills into smaller steps for easier learning.
-Ensure lessons are organized and on topic.
, Key Elements During Teaching - ANSWER -Start lessons by stating clear goals
and expectations.
-Review prior knowledge before teaching new material.
-Demonstrate skills step by step.
-Use clear and simple language to avoid confusion.
-Provide a range of examples and non-examples.
-Offer guided practice with varying difficulty levels.
-Encourage frequent student responses through questioning.
-Monitor student performance closely to verify understanding.
-Give immediate feedback to correct errors.
-Deliver lessons at an appropriate pace to keep students engaged.
-Help students see connections between skills and concepts.
-Provide practice opportunities over time to improve retention and automaticity.
explicit instruction - ANSWER Explicit instruction is a systematic and direct
teaching approach where educators clearly and directly teach specific concepts,
skills, or strategies. It involves providing clear explanations, modeling, guided
practice, and feedback to facilitate understanding and mastery of the material.
Simultaneous, Multisensory (VAKT) - ANSWER Engages visual, auditory,
kinesthetic, and tactile pathways simultaneously
Systematic and Cumulative - ANSWER Material organized logically,
progressing from basic to complex, with systematic review