DEP2004 Exam 1 Study Guide
Questions with Guaranteed Pass
Solutions.
Development - Answer the pattern of change that begins at conception and continues
through the life span
Normative age-graded influences - Answer influences that are similar for individuals in a
particular age group. These influences include biological process such as puberty and
menopause.
Non-normative life events - Answer unusual occurrences that have a major impact on the
lives of individual people. These events do not happen to everyone, and when they do occur
they can influence people in different ways. Examples include the death of a parent when a
child is young, pregnancy in early adolescence, a fire that destroys a home, winning the lottery,
or getting an unexpected career opportunity.
Developmental periods - Answer What are listed below?
prenatal
infancy
early childhood
middle and late childhood
adolescence
early adulthood
middle adulthood
late adulthood
Prenatal period - Answer from conception to birth
Toddler - Answer o From age 1 ½ to 3 years old
o Transitional period between infancy and early childhood
-not one of Erikson's development periods; simply a transition period
Infancy - Answer o From birth to 18 or 24 months
o Extreme dependence upon adults
,o Beginning of psychological activities, language, symbolic thought, sensorimotor coordination,
and social learning
Early childhood - Answer o From age 3 to 5 years
o Called the "preschool years"
o Learn to become more self-sufficient and to care for themselves, develop school readiness
skills (following instructions and identifying letters), and spend many hours playing with peers.
o 1st grade typically marks the end of early childhood
Middle and late childhood - Answer o From age 6 to 10 or 11 years old (approximately
corresponding to the elementary school years)
o Children mast the fundamental skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic, and are formally
exposed to the larger world and its culture
o Achievement becomes a more central theme of the child's worlds
o Self-control increases
Adolescence - Answer o Entered at approximately 10 to 12 years of age and ending at 18 to
21 years of age
o Period of transition from childhood to early adulthood
o Begins with rapid physical change - dramatic gains in height and weight, changes in body
contour, and the development of sexual characteristics such as enlargement of the breast,
growth of pubic and facial hair, and deepening voice.
o The pursuit of independence and an identity are preeminent
o Thought is more logical, abstract, and idealistic
o More time is spent outside the family
Early adulthood - Answer o Begins in early twenties and last through the thirties
o Establishment of personal and economic independence, advancement of career, selection of
mate, learning to live with that person in an intimate way, starting a family, and rearing children.
Middle adulthood - Answer o From approximately 40 to about 60 years of age
o Time of expanding personal and social involvement and responsibility; of assisting the next
generation in becoming competent, mature individuals; and of reaching and maintain
satisfaction in a career.
Late adulthood - Answer o Begins during the 60's or 70's and lasts until death
o Time of life review, retirement, and adjustment to new social roles and diminishing strength
and health
, o The longest span of an period of development
o People in this group have been increasing dramatically
o Two levels of late adulthood according to Baltes and Smith
"young-old"
• 65-84
• Substantial potential for physical and cognitive fitness, retain much of their cognitive capacity,
and can develop strategies to cope with the gains and losses of aging
"oldest-old"
• 85 and older
• Show considerable loss in cognitive skills, experience and increase in chronic stress, and are
more frail
Nature - Answer refers to an organism's biological inheritance
Nurture - Answer refers to an organism's environmental esperiences
Erickson's theory - Answer Erik Erikson's proposed a psychoanalytic theory of psychosocial
development comprising of eight stages from infancy to adulthood. Each stage consists of a
unique development task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.
According to Erikson, this crisis is not a catastrophe but a turning point marked by both
increased vulnerability and enhanced potential. The more successful an individual resolves a
crisis, the healthier development will be.
Erickson's stages - Answer What are listed below?
trust v mistrust
autonomy v shame and doubt
initiative v guilt
industry v inferiority
identity v identity confusion
intimacy v isolation
generativity v stagnation
integrity v despair
Trust v mistrust - Answer Experienced in 1st year of life
Autonomy v shame and doubt - Answer o Occurs in late infancy and toddlerhood
Questions with Guaranteed Pass
Solutions.
Development - Answer the pattern of change that begins at conception and continues
through the life span
Normative age-graded influences - Answer influences that are similar for individuals in a
particular age group. These influences include biological process such as puberty and
menopause.
Non-normative life events - Answer unusual occurrences that have a major impact on the
lives of individual people. These events do not happen to everyone, and when they do occur
they can influence people in different ways. Examples include the death of a parent when a
child is young, pregnancy in early adolescence, a fire that destroys a home, winning the lottery,
or getting an unexpected career opportunity.
Developmental periods - Answer What are listed below?
prenatal
infancy
early childhood
middle and late childhood
adolescence
early adulthood
middle adulthood
late adulthood
Prenatal period - Answer from conception to birth
Toddler - Answer o From age 1 ½ to 3 years old
o Transitional period between infancy and early childhood
-not one of Erikson's development periods; simply a transition period
Infancy - Answer o From birth to 18 or 24 months
o Extreme dependence upon adults
,o Beginning of psychological activities, language, symbolic thought, sensorimotor coordination,
and social learning
Early childhood - Answer o From age 3 to 5 years
o Called the "preschool years"
o Learn to become more self-sufficient and to care for themselves, develop school readiness
skills (following instructions and identifying letters), and spend many hours playing with peers.
o 1st grade typically marks the end of early childhood
Middle and late childhood - Answer o From age 6 to 10 or 11 years old (approximately
corresponding to the elementary school years)
o Children mast the fundamental skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic, and are formally
exposed to the larger world and its culture
o Achievement becomes a more central theme of the child's worlds
o Self-control increases
Adolescence - Answer o Entered at approximately 10 to 12 years of age and ending at 18 to
21 years of age
o Period of transition from childhood to early adulthood
o Begins with rapid physical change - dramatic gains in height and weight, changes in body
contour, and the development of sexual characteristics such as enlargement of the breast,
growth of pubic and facial hair, and deepening voice.
o The pursuit of independence and an identity are preeminent
o Thought is more logical, abstract, and idealistic
o More time is spent outside the family
Early adulthood - Answer o Begins in early twenties and last through the thirties
o Establishment of personal and economic independence, advancement of career, selection of
mate, learning to live with that person in an intimate way, starting a family, and rearing children.
Middle adulthood - Answer o From approximately 40 to about 60 years of age
o Time of expanding personal and social involvement and responsibility; of assisting the next
generation in becoming competent, mature individuals; and of reaching and maintain
satisfaction in a career.
Late adulthood - Answer o Begins during the 60's or 70's and lasts until death
o Time of life review, retirement, and adjustment to new social roles and diminishing strength
and health
, o The longest span of an period of development
o People in this group have been increasing dramatically
o Two levels of late adulthood according to Baltes and Smith
"young-old"
• 65-84
• Substantial potential for physical and cognitive fitness, retain much of their cognitive capacity,
and can develop strategies to cope with the gains and losses of aging
"oldest-old"
• 85 and older
• Show considerable loss in cognitive skills, experience and increase in chronic stress, and are
more frail
Nature - Answer refers to an organism's biological inheritance
Nurture - Answer refers to an organism's environmental esperiences
Erickson's theory - Answer Erik Erikson's proposed a psychoanalytic theory of psychosocial
development comprising of eight stages from infancy to adulthood. Each stage consists of a
unique development task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.
According to Erikson, this crisis is not a catastrophe but a turning point marked by both
increased vulnerability and enhanced potential. The more successful an individual resolves a
crisis, the healthier development will be.
Erickson's stages - Answer What are listed below?
trust v mistrust
autonomy v shame and doubt
initiative v guilt
industry v inferiority
identity v identity confusion
intimacy v isolation
generativity v stagnation
integrity v despair
Trust v mistrust - Answer Experienced in 1st year of life
Autonomy v shame and doubt - Answer o Occurs in late infancy and toddlerhood
