PRN1409 CCC3 EXAM 1 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE GRADED
A+ 2026/2027
Urge incontinence-definition Involuntary loss of urine alongside a
strong desire to urinate. Patient can no
longer suppress signal from bladder to
brain that it is time to urinate.
Urge incontinence treatment prompted voiding, toilet q2h
Stress incontinence-definition Inability to retain urine when intra-
abdominal pressure is increased (sneezing,
laughing, coughing, or aerobic exercise).
Urethra cannot tighten enough to
prevent release of urine.
Stress incontinence-treatment Exercises to strengthen pelvic floor
muscles (Kegel exercises)
Estrogen replacement (estrogen
cream)
Drug
, therap
y
Surgical
repair
Collagen injections
Functional incontinence-definition Caused by cognitive inability to recognize the
urge to urinate or self-care deficit
caused by extreme depression. Inability to
reach the bathroom because of restraints,
side rails, or an out-of-reach walker can
also result in functional incontinence.
Functional incontinence-treatment home aids like bedside commodes, education,
bladder training
Overflow incontinence-definition Poor contractility of the detrusor muscle or
obstruction of the urethra
Overflow incontinence-cause prostate hypertrophy in males or genital
prolapse in females
Overflow incontinence-treatment Surgery to relieve obstruction. Intermittent
catheterization, bladder compression,
drug therapy, behavioral interventions.
Neurogenic incontinence-definition caused by disorders of the neurologic system
, (ex. MS or spinal cord injury)
Neurogenic incontinence-treatment Catheterization, surgery to remove
stones/blockages, botox injections in bladder
muscle
Hydronephrosis Urinary obstruction blocking outflow of kidney
Waste products accumulate in
kidney and back up into blood
Leads to End Stage Renal
Disease
Tx: Removal of obstruction
Glomerulonephritis inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
Chronic Renal Failure gradual and progressive loss of kidney (renal)
function
End-Stage Renal Disease The final stage of kidney failure (as that resulting
from diabetes, chronic
hypertension, or glomerulonephritis) that is
marked by the complete or nearly complete
irreversible loss of renal function
Renal Calculi (kidney stones) urine becomes concentrated resulting in
crystals
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE GRADED
A+ 2026/2027
Urge incontinence-definition Involuntary loss of urine alongside a
strong desire to urinate. Patient can no
longer suppress signal from bladder to
brain that it is time to urinate.
Urge incontinence treatment prompted voiding, toilet q2h
Stress incontinence-definition Inability to retain urine when intra-
abdominal pressure is increased (sneezing,
laughing, coughing, or aerobic exercise).
Urethra cannot tighten enough to
prevent release of urine.
Stress incontinence-treatment Exercises to strengthen pelvic floor
muscles (Kegel exercises)
Estrogen replacement (estrogen
cream)
Drug
, therap
y
Surgical
repair
Collagen injections
Functional incontinence-definition Caused by cognitive inability to recognize the
urge to urinate or self-care deficit
caused by extreme depression. Inability to
reach the bathroom because of restraints,
side rails, or an out-of-reach walker can
also result in functional incontinence.
Functional incontinence-treatment home aids like bedside commodes, education,
bladder training
Overflow incontinence-definition Poor contractility of the detrusor muscle or
obstruction of the urethra
Overflow incontinence-cause prostate hypertrophy in males or genital
prolapse in females
Overflow incontinence-treatment Surgery to relieve obstruction. Intermittent
catheterization, bladder compression,
drug therapy, behavioral interventions.
Neurogenic incontinence-definition caused by disorders of the neurologic system
, (ex. MS or spinal cord injury)
Neurogenic incontinence-treatment Catheterization, surgery to remove
stones/blockages, botox injections in bladder
muscle
Hydronephrosis Urinary obstruction blocking outflow of kidney
Waste products accumulate in
kidney and back up into blood
Leads to End Stage Renal
Disease
Tx: Removal of obstruction
Glomerulonephritis inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
Chronic Renal Failure gradual and progressive loss of kidney (renal)
function
End-Stage Renal Disease The final stage of kidney failure (as that resulting
from diabetes, chronic
hypertension, or glomerulonephritis) that is
marked by the complete or nearly complete
irreversible loss of renal function
Renal Calculi (kidney stones) urine becomes concentrated resulting in
crystals
