Baylor Biochemistry Lahousse Final Exam
Review UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What do we mean or understand for "living organisms exist in a dynamic steady state, never
at equilibrium"? - correct answer - biological dynamic steady state
-fluctuations in material concentrations
- to maintain steady state far from equilibrium
How do you maintain a dynamic steady state - correct answer energy must be invested
in to do work.
Biological dynamic steady state - correct answer concentrations of biological material
is maintained within a certain range
Creating and maintaining orders requires work and energy (gibbs free energy) - correct
answer - gibbs free energy
- delta g is negative, reaction is spontaneous
- amount of work energy is less than the theoretical energy released
- closed system proceed spontaneously until equilibrium
- mass-action ratio (q)
Gibbs free energy - correct answer the energy of a system that is available to do work
at a constant temperature and pressure
Deltg = h - tdelts
Mass-action ratio (q) - correct answer ratio of product concentrations at a given time
Hydrophobic effect - correct answer non-polar compounds force energetically
unfavorable changes in the structure of water
,Hydrophobic interactions - correct answer complex phenomenon associated with the
ordering of water molecules around nonpolar substances
Like-dissolves-like - correct answer water dissolves polar salts and charge
biomolecules by screening electrostatic interactions
Why does salt dissolve in water - correct answer due to the increase in entropy of the
system
Why do hydrophobic regions cluster - correct answer to minimize contact with polar
solvents and maximize polar region contact with polar portions
How does the hydrophobic effect increase entropy - correct answer nonpolar
substances aggregate in an aqueous environment so that water can have a favorable change in
entropy
Results in the hydrophobic effect - correct answer system achieves grates of
thermodynamic stability
Formation of micelles - correct answer a favorable interactive process that forms an
aqueous core by the formation of a spherical phospholipid bilayer
Interactions of phospholipids - correct answer the hydrophobic effect keeps membrane
intact, important for structure and function
Stability of weak interaction structure - correct answer individually weak, collectively
strong.
- most stable macromolecules maximize weak interactions.
What is the ph of [h+]? - correct answer ph = -log[h+]
, How to predict ionization of henderson-hasselbach equation - correct answer can
predict overall charge of a molecule
Henderson-hasselbalch equation - correct answer ph = pka + log [a-]/[ha]
Acid dissociation constant (ka) - correct answer the ratio of the concentration of the
dissociated form of an acid to the undissociated form; stronger acids have larger ka values
than weaker acids
When ph is equal to pka - correct answer an equal amount of acid and conjugate base
When ph is greater than pka - correct answer more conjugate base than acid
Ph is less than pka - correct answer more acid than more conjugate base
Know the 20 amino acids by structure, name and one letter codes, side chain and chemical
properties - correct answer
Components of amino acid - correct answer 1. Alpha carbon
2. Carboxyllic acid
3. Amine group
4. Hydrogen
Type of bonds between amino acids in a polymer - correct answer peptide bonds
(covalent) to form aa chains by condensation
- starts from amino-terminal
How to break amino acid chains - correct answer covalent bond can be broken through
hydrolysis
Review UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What do we mean or understand for "living organisms exist in a dynamic steady state, never
at equilibrium"? - correct answer - biological dynamic steady state
-fluctuations in material concentrations
- to maintain steady state far from equilibrium
How do you maintain a dynamic steady state - correct answer energy must be invested
in to do work.
Biological dynamic steady state - correct answer concentrations of biological material
is maintained within a certain range
Creating and maintaining orders requires work and energy (gibbs free energy) - correct
answer - gibbs free energy
- delta g is negative, reaction is spontaneous
- amount of work energy is less than the theoretical energy released
- closed system proceed spontaneously until equilibrium
- mass-action ratio (q)
Gibbs free energy - correct answer the energy of a system that is available to do work
at a constant temperature and pressure
Deltg = h - tdelts
Mass-action ratio (q) - correct answer ratio of product concentrations at a given time
Hydrophobic effect - correct answer non-polar compounds force energetically
unfavorable changes in the structure of water
,Hydrophobic interactions - correct answer complex phenomenon associated with the
ordering of water molecules around nonpolar substances
Like-dissolves-like - correct answer water dissolves polar salts and charge
biomolecules by screening electrostatic interactions
Why does salt dissolve in water - correct answer due to the increase in entropy of the
system
Why do hydrophobic regions cluster - correct answer to minimize contact with polar
solvents and maximize polar region contact with polar portions
How does the hydrophobic effect increase entropy - correct answer nonpolar
substances aggregate in an aqueous environment so that water can have a favorable change in
entropy
Results in the hydrophobic effect - correct answer system achieves grates of
thermodynamic stability
Formation of micelles - correct answer a favorable interactive process that forms an
aqueous core by the formation of a spherical phospholipid bilayer
Interactions of phospholipids - correct answer the hydrophobic effect keeps membrane
intact, important for structure and function
Stability of weak interaction structure - correct answer individually weak, collectively
strong.
- most stable macromolecules maximize weak interactions.
What is the ph of [h+]? - correct answer ph = -log[h+]
, How to predict ionization of henderson-hasselbach equation - correct answer can
predict overall charge of a molecule
Henderson-hasselbalch equation - correct answer ph = pka + log [a-]/[ha]
Acid dissociation constant (ka) - correct answer the ratio of the concentration of the
dissociated form of an acid to the undissociated form; stronger acids have larger ka values
than weaker acids
When ph is equal to pka - correct answer an equal amount of acid and conjugate base
When ph is greater than pka - correct answer more conjugate base than acid
Ph is less than pka - correct answer more acid than more conjugate base
Know the 20 amino acids by structure, name and one letter codes, side chain and chemical
properties - correct answer
Components of amino acid - correct answer 1. Alpha carbon
2. Carboxyllic acid
3. Amine group
4. Hydrogen
Type of bonds between amino acids in a polymer - correct answer peptide bonds
(covalent) to form aa chains by condensation
- starts from amino-terminal
How to break amino acid chains - correct answer covalent bond can be broken through
hydrolysis
