CPEN 223 – FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED 2026

CPEN 223 – FINAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS UPDATED 2026
3MC'sMforM"goodMSoftware"M-MAnswerM-MCorrectM(safeMfromMbugs)

-MComprehensibleM(easyMtoMunderstand)

-MChangeableM(readyMtoMchange)



StaticMCheckingM-MAnswerMTheMcheckingMthatMisMdoneMatMcompilation.

-MBugMautomaticallyMfoundMbeforeMprogramMruns



DynamicMCheckingM-MAnswerMTheMcheckingMthatMisMdoneMatMrunMtime.

-MFoundMautomatically



BenefitsMofMC#M-MAnswerM-Safety

M>MTypeMsafe,MstaticMchecking,MexceptionMhandling,Metc

-MUbiquity

M>MMultiplatform:MMobile,MWeb,MWindows/Mac/Linux

-MElegance

-MPopular

-MPowerful

-MHigh-level

-MModernMobjectMoriented



IssuesMwithMC#M-MAnswerM-MVerbose:MtakesMaMlotMofMcodeMtoMdoMsimpleMtask

-MLarge:MmanyMfeatures



staticMvoidMMain()M-MAnswerMTheMstartingMplaceMofMaMprogram



intMvarNameM=M92;M-MAnswerMDeclaringManMintMtypeMvariable



doubleMVarNameM=M1.45;M-MAnswerMDeclaringMaMdoubleMtypeMvariable

,charMvarNameM=M'*';M-MAnswerMDeclaringMaMcharMtypeMvariable



TwoMcategoriesMofMC#MtypesM-MAnswerM-MValueMtypes

-MReferenceMtypes



C#MoperatorsM-MAnswerM-MarithmeticM(M+,M-,M/,M%M(remainder),M*)

-McomparisonM(==,M!=,M>,M>=,M...)

-MconditionalM(&&,M||,M!)



C#MselectionMstatementsM-MAnswerM-Mif(condition)

-MelseMif(condition)

-MswitchM*anMalternativeMtoMif-elseMstatements



C#MrepetitionMstatementsM-MAnswerM-Mwhile

-Mfor

-Mdo-while



ClassM-MAnswerMTheMmostMimportantMuserMdefinedMtype

-MContainsMtwoMtypesMofMmembers;

>MDataMmembersM(fields,M..)MthatMstoreMtheMdataMwithinMtheM______.

>MFunctionMmembersM(methods,Mconstructors,M...)MthatMperformMoperationsMonMtheMda
ta



MethodsM-MAnswerMAMblockMofMcodeMthatMcontainsMaMseriesMofMstatements.



ArraysM-MAnswerMstoresMaMfixed-sizeMcollectionMofMelements



HowMtoMinitializeManMarrayM-MAnswerMint[]MnameOfVariableM=MnewMint[5];

-MTheMsizeMofMtheM______MisM5.

intM[]MnameOfVariableM=MnewMint[]M{1,M2,M3,M4,M5};

,intM[]MnameOfVariableM=M{1,M2,M3,M4,M5};



WhatMisMaMDataMType?M-
MAnswerMAM_____MisMaMsetMofMvaluesMandMtheMoperationsMthatMareMpermittedMonM
theMvalues



ValueMpre-definedMtypesM-MAnswerM-Mint

-Mlong

-MdoubleM

-Mchar

-Muint

-Mbool

-Mdecimal

-Mbool

-Mbyte

-Msbyte

-Mfloat

-Muint

-Mshort

-Mushort



ReferenceMpre-definedMtypesM-MAnswerM-Mobject

-Mstring

-Mdynamic



AMvalueMtypeM-
MAnswerMThisMtypeMneedsMonlyMoneMallocatedMmemoryMspaceMthatMstoresMtheMactual
Mdata.



AMreferenceMtypeM-
MAnswerMThisMtypeMstoresMtheM*mentionMtoMsomeMotherMmemoryMlocationMwhereMth
eMactualMdataMisMstored.

, TwoMregionsMofMmemoryMthatMstoreMdataM-MAnswerM-Mstack

-Mheap



StackM-MAnswerMlocationMforMstorageMofMvalueMtypes

(last-in,Mfirst-outMdataMstructure)

-MPrimaryMoperations:

M>Mpush()M:MadditionMofManMelementMtoMtheMtopMofMtheMstack

M>Mpop()M:MremovalMofManMelementMfromMtheMtopMofMtheMstack

M>MClear()

M>MRemove()

M>MToArray()

M>MContains()

M>MCount()



HeapM-
MAnswerMTheMreferenceMtypeMisMstoredMinMtheMstackMbutMtheMactualMdataMisMstored
MinMtheM"______"



User-definedMtypesM-MAnswerM-Mclass

-Mstruct

-Marray

NOTE:McanMbeMclassifiedMasMeitherMreferenceMorMvalueMtypes



_______MisMaMtypeMthatMstoresMlogicallyMrelatedMdataMandMfunctionsM-
MAnswerMaMclass



DeclareMaMclassM-MAnswerMclassMnameOfClass

{

//memberMdeclarations

}



AMfieldM-MAnswerM-MStoresMdata