PENN FOSTER VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY
FINAL EXAM SCRIPT 2026 TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ define contraindiction Answer: a reason not to use a drug in a
particular situation, causes undesirable side effects
◉ define efficacy Answer: the degree to which a drug produces its
desired response.
◉ define over the counter drug Answer: a drug that may be
purchased without a prescription from a vet
◉ define prescription drug Answer: a drug that must be prescribed
by a vet and taken while under the supervision of a vet
◉ define receptor Answer: a molecule located on a cell that binds
with drugs or neurotransmitters to cause an effect
◉ define therapeutic index Answer: the relationship between a
drug's ability to achieve the desired effect compared to its tendency
to produce toxic effects. Expressed as a ration between the LD and
the ED. LD/ED 50% of the time.
,◉ define withdrawal time Answer: the amount of time that must
elapse between the end of drug therapy and the elimination of that
drug from the patients tissue or products.
◉ define veterinarian client patient relationship Answer: the
relationship that must exist between the veterinarians, hris or her
patient and the patient's owner before prescription drugs may be
dispensed
◉ List four sources of drugs used in veterinary medicine Answer:
animal products, plant products, minerals, and synthetic products
◉ what are four components of a drug regimen Answer: includes the
dose, the route of administration, the frequency of administration,
and the duration of administration
◉ discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid
veterinarian-client-patient relationship can be shown to exist.
Answer: 1. the vet must assume responsibility for making clinical
judgements in relation to the health of the animal. 2. the vet must
have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with its care and 3.
the vet must be available for follow up care of the animal.
, ◉ discuss the responsibilities of a veterinary technician in the
administration of drug orders. Answer: carry out orders correctly,
read the drug label 3x to ensure that the proper drug is being
adminstered and take care to administer the correct dose by the
correct route. be aware of posibble side effects and monitor patient
in a responsible way.
◉ Describe the sequense of events that a drug undergoes from
administration to excretion. Answer: a drug is first absorbed or
directly placed into the bloodstream. In the blood, the drug may bind
with a plasma protein or exist in the free state. The circulating blood
distributes the drug to the capillary level, where the drug leaves the
circulation and enters the interstitial fluid. The interstitial fluid
bathes the cell or bind with surface receptors. The drug then exits
the cell or its surface, moves back to interstitial fluid, reenters
circulation and then is metabolized in the liver and sent to the
kidneys for excretion.
◉ List 11 possible routes for administering a drug and discuss the
advatages and/or disadvantages of each. Answer: 1. oral route 2. SQ
3.IM 4. IV 5. IP 6. IA, intraarterial 7. IC, intracardiac 8. IM,
intramedullary 9. Inhalation 10. topical 11. intradermal
◉ List some of the factors that influence drug absorption Answer: 1.
method of absorbtion, 2. the ph of the durg and its ionization status,
3. the absorptive surface area, 4. the blood supply to the area, 5. the
FINAL EXAM SCRIPT 2026 TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ define contraindiction Answer: a reason not to use a drug in a
particular situation, causes undesirable side effects
◉ define efficacy Answer: the degree to which a drug produces its
desired response.
◉ define over the counter drug Answer: a drug that may be
purchased without a prescription from a vet
◉ define prescription drug Answer: a drug that must be prescribed
by a vet and taken while under the supervision of a vet
◉ define receptor Answer: a molecule located on a cell that binds
with drugs or neurotransmitters to cause an effect
◉ define therapeutic index Answer: the relationship between a
drug's ability to achieve the desired effect compared to its tendency
to produce toxic effects. Expressed as a ration between the LD and
the ED. LD/ED 50% of the time.
,◉ define withdrawal time Answer: the amount of time that must
elapse between the end of drug therapy and the elimination of that
drug from the patients tissue or products.
◉ define veterinarian client patient relationship Answer: the
relationship that must exist between the veterinarians, hris or her
patient and the patient's owner before prescription drugs may be
dispensed
◉ List four sources of drugs used in veterinary medicine Answer:
animal products, plant products, minerals, and synthetic products
◉ what are four components of a drug regimen Answer: includes the
dose, the route of administration, the frequency of administration,
and the duration of administration
◉ discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid
veterinarian-client-patient relationship can be shown to exist.
Answer: 1. the vet must assume responsibility for making clinical
judgements in relation to the health of the animal. 2. the vet must
have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with its care and 3.
the vet must be available for follow up care of the animal.
, ◉ discuss the responsibilities of a veterinary technician in the
administration of drug orders. Answer: carry out orders correctly,
read the drug label 3x to ensure that the proper drug is being
adminstered and take care to administer the correct dose by the
correct route. be aware of posibble side effects and monitor patient
in a responsible way.
◉ Describe the sequense of events that a drug undergoes from
administration to excretion. Answer: a drug is first absorbed or
directly placed into the bloodstream. In the blood, the drug may bind
with a plasma protein or exist in the free state. The circulating blood
distributes the drug to the capillary level, where the drug leaves the
circulation and enters the interstitial fluid. The interstitial fluid
bathes the cell or bind with surface receptors. The drug then exits
the cell or its surface, moves back to interstitial fluid, reenters
circulation and then is metabolized in the liver and sent to the
kidneys for excretion.
◉ List 11 possible routes for administering a drug and discuss the
advatages and/or disadvantages of each. Answer: 1. oral route 2. SQ
3.IM 4. IV 5. IP 6. IA, intraarterial 7. IC, intracardiac 8. IM,
intramedullary 9. Inhalation 10. topical 11. intradermal
◉ List some of the factors that influence drug absorption Answer: 1.
method of absorbtion, 2. the ph of the durg and its ionization status,
3. the absorptive surface area, 4. the blood supply to the area, 5. the
