New World Order
Globalisation: Interconnected political, economic, technological, and cultural systems shaping global
relations
• Consumer culture (global brands, mass consumption)
• “Global village” (world feels smaller, more connected)
• Satellite TV & internet (instant information flow)
• Rapid transport & communication
Africa + New World Order
• Cold War alliances: some benefits (aid, support) also worsened conflict and instability
• Continental development: OAU — AU (greater unity and cooperation)
• NEPAD: promotes investment and development
• Neocolonialism (continued external economic control)
• Balance of payments deficit (imports > exports)
• Reliance on raw materials instead of manufacturing
Global Inequality
• North–South Divide: “Global North” (wealthy) vs “Global South” (developing)
• South exploited for: cheap labour, resources, markets
IMF (International Monetary Fund)
•Promotes financial stability
• Loans to fix balance of payments
• Conditionality (SAPs): cut social spending + economic reforms
• Increase poverty, unemployment, lower living standards
World Bank
• Loans for development projects
• Aims to reduce poverty
• Also uses conditionality
• Criticised for prioritising repayment
WTO (World Trade Organization)
• Regulates global trade
• Reduces tariffs, protects patents
•Limited enforcement power
Resistance & Alternatives
Criticism of globalisation:
• Environmental damage (e.g. Greenpeace)
• Poor labour conditions, human rights abuses
• “Buy local” movements
• BRICS (alternative economic bloc)
• Jubilee Debt Campaign (debt relief)
• Occupy Movement: against inequality & corporate power
Globalisation: Interconnected political, economic, technological, and cultural systems shaping global
relations
• Consumer culture (global brands, mass consumption)
• “Global village” (world feels smaller, more connected)
• Satellite TV & internet (instant information flow)
• Rapid transport & communication
Africa + New World Order
• Cold War alliances: some benefits (aid, support) also worsened conflict and instability
• Continental development: OAU — AU (greater unity and cooperation)
• NEPAD: promotes investment and development
• Neocolonialism (continued external economic control)
• Balance of payments deficit (imports > exports)
• Reliance on raw materials instead of manufacturing
Global Inequality
• North–South Divide: “Global North” (wealthy) vs “Global South” (developing)
• South exploited for: cheap labour, resources, markets
IMF (International Monetary Fund)
•Promotes financial stability
• Loans to fix balance of payments
• Conditionality (SAPs): cut social spending + economic reforms
• Increase poverty, unemployment, lower living standards
World Bank
• Loans for development projects
• Aims to reduce poverty
• Also uses conditionality
• Criticised for prioritising repayment
WTO (World Trade Organization)
• Regulates global trade
• Reduces tariffs, protects patents
•Limited enforcement power
Resistance & Alternatives
Criticism of globalisation:
• Environmental damage (e.g. Greenpeace)
• Poor labour conditions, human rights abuses
• “Buy local” movements
• BRICS (alternative economic bloc)
• Jubilee Debt Campaign (debt relief)
• Occupy Movement: against inequality & corporate power
