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Summary Gate first year Computer Organization & Architecture Unit 3 Part 4 – Memory Hierarchy, Cache Memory & Virtual Memory Explained with examples and diagrams

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This document covers Unit 3 Part 4 of Computer Organization and Architecture (COA) with clear, structured, and exam-focused notes. It focuses on advanced memory concepts that are crucial for understanding system performance and optimization. Topics included: Memory Hierarchy (Primary vs Secondary Memory) Cache Memory (Mapping Techniques: Direct, Associative, Set-Associative) Cache Performance & Hit/Miss Ratio Virtual Memory Concepts Paging & Segmentation Basics These notes are written in a simple and easy-to-understand language, making them ideal for quick revision before exams. Diagrams and explanations are included to help students grasp complex concepts efficiently.

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Unit IV : Input -Output Organization
PART-V

,INPUT-OUTPUT PROCESSOR

As we know, use of DMA reduces the burden on CPU
during I/O operations. This concept of DMA can be
extended to relieve the CPU further from getting
involved with the execution of I/O operations.

,This gives rise the development of special purpose
processor called I/O processor or I/O Channels.

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