LMRT STATE EXAM FINAL PAPER 2026 TESTED
QUESTIONS WITH FULL SOLUTION GRADED
A+
◉ Epidemiology. Answer: A branch of medical science that deals
with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a
population.
◉ Sources of data on radiation-induced cancer. Answer: Include
atomic bomb survivors, medically exposed patients, occupationally
exposed personnel, and populations receiving high natural
background exposure.
◉ Limitations of epidemiological studies. Answer: Include failure to
control experimental groups for known carcinogens, insufficient
observation periods, improper control groups, and deficient health
records.
◉ Relative or multiplicative risk model. Answer: Explains how age at
the time of radiation exposure may influence the cancer risk
estimate.
,◉ Absolute or additive risk model. Answer: Estimates a continual
increase in risk that is independent of the spontaneous age-specific
cancer risk at the time of exposure.
◉ Dose response curves for radiation protection. Answer: Utilized
when estimating the overall cancer risk from diagnostic and
occupational exposures.
◉ Relative risk formula. Answer: Observed cases/expected cases.
◉ Excessive risk formula. Answer: Observed cases - expected cases.
◉ Absolute risk. Answer: States risk in terms of number of cases/1
million persons/rad/year.
◉ Radiation induced malignancies. Answer: Include leukemia, skin
carcinoma, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, osteosarcoma, and lung
cancer.
◉ Relative risk for radiation-induced leukemia. Answer:
Approximately 1.5.
◉ Latent period for radiation-induced leukemia. Answer:
Approximately 4-7 years.
,◉ Population with no increase in radiation-induced leukemia.
Answer: American radiographers.
◉ Radiation induced leukemia. Answer: Judged to be linear,
nonthreshold.
◉ Skin carcinoma dose response relationship. Answer:
Demonstrates a threshold dose response relationship.
◉ Latent period for radiation-induced skin carcinoma. Answer:
Approximately 5-10 years.
◉ Radiation induced thyroid cancer. Answer: Judged to be linear,
nonthreshold.
◉ Osteosarcoma dose response curve. Answer: Follows a linear,
quadratic response curve.
◉ Genetically significant dose (GSD). Answer: The equivalent dose to
the reproductive organs that, if received by every human, would be
expected to bring about an identical gross genetic injury to the total
population.
, ◉ Embryo's response to irradiation. Answer: Depends upon total
dose, rate of dose, quality of radiation, and stage of development.
◉ Greatest radiation hazard to a fetus. Answer: Exists during the
first trimester.
◉ Congenital abnormalities. Answer: Most likely to occur after
irradiation in uteri if the radiation is received during the
organogenesis stage.
◉ Stochastic effects. Answer: Direct function of dose with the
probability of occurrence increasing with increased dose, e.g.,
cancer, genetic mutations.
◉ Stochastic radiation damage. Answer: Increases the probability of
causing a late effect but will not increase the severity of the effect.
◉ Nonstochastic effects. Answer: Somatic effects that have a
threshold and increase in severity with increasing absorbed dose.
◉ Compton interaction probability. Answer: Related to the energy of
the x-ray photon.
QUESTIONS WITH FULL SOLUTION GRADED
A+
◉ Epidemiology. Answer: A branch of medical science that deals
with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a
population.
◉ Sources of data on radiation-induced cancer. Answer: Include
atomic bomb survivors, medically exposed patients, occupationally
exposed personnel, and populations receiving high natural
background exposure.
◉ Limitations of epidemiological studies. Answer: Include failure to
control experimental groups for known carcinogens, insufficient
observation periods, improper control groups, and deficient health
records.
◉ Relative or multiplicative risk model. Answer: Explains how age at
the time of radiation exposure may influence the cancer risk
estimate.
,◉ Absolute or additive risk model. Answer: Estimates a continual
increase in risk that is independent of the spontaneous age-specific
cancer risk at the time of exposure.
◉ Dose response curves for radiation protection. Answer: Utilized
when estimating the overall cancer risk from diagnostic and
occupational exposures.
◉ Relative risk formula. Answer: Observed cases/expected cases.
◉ Excessive risk formula. Answer: Observed cases - expected cases.
◉ Absolute risk. Answer: States risk in terms of number of cases/1
million persons/rad/year.
◉ Radiation induced malignancies. Answer: Include leukemia, skin
carcinoma, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, osteosarcoma, and lung
cancer.
◉ Relative risk for radiation-induced leukemia. Answer:
Approximately 1.5.
◉ Latent period for radiation-induced leukemia. Answer:
Approximately 4-7 years.
,◉ Population with no increase in radiation-induced leukemia.
Answer: American radiographers.
◉ Radiation induced leukemia. Answer: Judged to be linear,
nonthreshold.
◉ Skin carcinoma dose response relationship. Answer:
Demonstrates a threshold dose response relationship.
◉ Latent period for radiation-induced skin carcinoma. Answer:
Approximately 5-10 years.
◉ Radiation induced thyroid cancer. Answer: Judged to be linear,
nonthreshold.
◉ Osteosarcoma dose response curve. Answer: Follows a linear,
quadratic response curve.
◉ Genetically significant dose (GSD). Answer: The equivalent dose to
the reproductive organs that, if received by every human, would be
expected to bring about an identical gross genetic injury to the total
population.
, ◉ Embryo's response to irradiation. Answer: Depends upon total
dose, rate of dose, quality of radiation, and stage of development.
◉ Greatest radiation hazard to a fetus. Answer: Exists during the
first trimester.
◉ Congenital abnormalities. Answer: Most likely to occur after
irradiation in uteri if the radiation is received during the
organogenesis stage.
◉ Stochastic effects. Answer: Direct function of dose with the
probability of occurrence increasing with increased dose, e.g.,
cancer, genetic mutations.
◉ Stochastic radiation damage. Answer: Increases the probability of
causing a late effect but will not increase the severity of the effect.
◉ Nonstochastic effects. Answer: Somatic effects that have a
threshold and increase in severity with increasing absorbed dose.
◉ Compton interaction probability. Answer: Related to the energy of
the x-ray photon.
