TTU 1402 Biology Test 2, Dr. Held Questions with Correct
Answers 2026/2027 Update
Karyotpying
- a display if micrographs of the metaphase chromosomes of a cell arranged by
size and centometer position; to determine of there's an abnormal number of
chromosomes (due to non- disjunction)
a. if we brake open human cells in metaphase of mitosis, stain the chromosomes
with dyes, take a picture with a microscope and arrange then in matching pairs
Pedigree Analysis
- To determine whether a gene is dominant/recessive and uses Mendel's concept
of dominant and recessive alleles and his law of segregation. ; the X chromosomes
vs. autosomal
Down Syndrome
Caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 ("Trisomy 21"); characterized by
heart and respiratory defects and varrining degrees of mental retardation.
Turner Syndrome
females lacking an X chromosome ; XO, O refers to the absence of the other X
chromosome. They are short in stature and have webbing around the neck and
shoulders but have normal intelligence. Have only 45 chromosomes but is NOT
fatal. They are sterile
1
,Klinefelter Syndrome
a male with an extra X chromosome (XXY or XXXY) that is sterile and has
abnormally small teestes. Often has more feminine body characteristics. The
abnormal sets with more than three chromosome( sex) are a result of disjunction.
Nondisjunction
an accident of meiosis or mitosis in which a pair of homologous chromosomes or
pair of sister chromatids fails to separate at anaphase; causes down syndrome.
disjunction
the normal separation of chromosomes in meiosis or mitosis
Carrier
- Parents are heterozygotes for a recessively inherited disorder and who therefore
does not show any symptoms of that disorder
Amniocentesis
- Genetic testing in the fetus
- Requires collection of fetal cells by inserting a needle through the abdomen into
the uterus
- Cells are cultured to allow karyotyping to look for abnormalities
-Inform mother whether the child will have birth defect
Cystic Fibrosis
2
,a genetic disease that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive
allele characterized by an excessive secreation of mucus and concequent
venerability; fatal if untreated
Achondroplasis
a form of human dwarfism caused by a single dominant allele
Huntingtions Disease
A human genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele, charaterized by
uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of nervous system; usually
fatal 10 to 20 years after the on set of symptoms
Alzheimers
a from of mental deteroration or dementia; characterized by confusion or
memory loss
Chorionic Villi Sampling
- Doctor extracts sample of chorionic villus tissue from placenta
- Karyotyping results take only 24 hours and can be done earlier than
amniocentesis
Aminocentesis
a genetic testing of the fetus to detect the presence of disease causing alleles in
an individual genome. The test is done by extracting from the fetus with a needle
Heredity
Transmission of traits/features from one generation to the next.
3
, In{her}itance of traits
Ultrasound
Uses waves to produce a picture of the fetus
Genetics
- Study of heredity
Parts of chromosomes and make of DNA
BLENDING THEORY
- Ancient theory of heredity
- Hereditary materials contributed by the male and female parents mix in forming
the offspring (horse and donkey)
-irreversible and original colors are gone
Particulate Theory
- Traits are inherited like particles = genes
- Mendel's theory
-reversible and colors stay
Self-fertilization
In plants, sperm-carrying pollen lands on the egg-containing carpel of the same
flower.
Cross-fertilization
- Fertilization of one plant by another plant.
4
Answers 2026/2027 Update
Karyotpying
- a display if micrographs of the metaphase chromosomes of a cell arranged by
size and centometer position; to determine of there's an abnormal number of
chromosomes (due to non- disjunction)
a. if we brake open human cells in metaphase of mitosis, stain the chromosomes
with dyes, take a picture with a microscope and arrange then in matching pairs
Pedigree Analysis
- To determine whether a gene is dominant/recessive and uses Mendel's concept
of dominant and recessive alleles and his law of segregation. ; the X chromosomes
vs. autosomal
Down Syndrome
Caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 ("Trisomy 21"); characterized by
heart and respiratory defects and varrining degrees of mental retardation.
Turner Syndrome
females lacking an X chromosome ; XO, O refers to the absence of the other X
chromosome. They are short in stature and have webbing around the neck and
shoulders but have normal intelligence. Have only 45 chromosomes but is NOT
fatal. They are sterile
1
,Klinefelter Syndrome
a male with an extra X chromosome (XXY or XXXY) that is sterile and has
abnormally small teestes. Often has more feminine body characteristics. The
abnormal sets with more than three chromosome( sex) are a result of disjunction.
Nondisjunction
an accident of meiosis or mitosis in which a pair of homologous chromosomes or
pair of sister chromatids fails to separate at anaphase; causes down syndrome.
disjunction
the normal separation of chromosomes in meiosis or mitosis
Carrier
- Parents are heterozygotes for a recessively inherited disorder and who therefore
does not show any symptoms of that disorder
Amniocentesis
- Genetic testing in the fetus
- Requires collection of fetal cells by inserting a needle through the abdomen into
the uterus
- Cells are cultured to allow karyotyping to look for abnormalities
-Inform mother whether the child will have birth defect
Cystic Fibrosis
2
,a genetic disease that occurs in people with two copies of a certain recessive
allele characterized by an excessive secreation of mucus and concequent
venerability; fatal if untreated
Achondroplasis
a form of human dwarfism caused by a single dominant allele
Huntingtions Disease
A human genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele, charaterized by
uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of nervous system; usually
fatal 10 to 20 years after the on set of symptoms
Alzheimers
a from of mental deteroration or dementia; characterized by confusion or
memory loss
Chorionic Villi Sampling
- Doctor extracts sample of chorionic villus tissue from placenta
- Karyotyping results take only 24 hours and can be done earlier than
amniocentesis
Aminocentesis
a genetic testing of the fetus to detect the presence of disease causing alleles in
an individual genome. The test is done by extracting from the fetus with a needle
Heredity
Transmission of traits/features from one generation to the next.
3
, In{her}itance of traits
Ultrasound
Uses waves to produce a picture of the fetus
Genetics
- Study of heredity
Parts of chromosomes and make of DNA
BLENDING THEORY
- Ancient theory of heredity
- Hereditary materials contributed by the male and female parents mix in forming
the offspring (horse and donkey)
-irreversible and original colors are gone
Particulate Theory
- Traits are inherited like particles = genes
- Mendel's theory
-reversible and colors stay
Self-fertilization
In plants, sperm-carrying pollen lands on the egg-containing carpel of the same
flower.
Cross-fertilization
- Fertilization of one plant by another plant.
4
