NRS 301 Exam 1 UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Optic Nerve - CORRECT ANSWER responsible for vision
Oculomotor nerve - CORRECT ANSWER eye movement
Trochlear nerve - CORRECT ANSWER eye movement
Trigeminal Nerver - CORRECT ANSWER facial sensation
Abducens Nerve - CORRECT ANSWER eye movement
Facial nerve - CORRECT ANSWER taste, facial expression
vestibulocochlear nerve - CORRECT ANSWER hearing and balance
Clossopharyngeal nerve - CORRECT ANSWER taste
Vagus nerve - CORRECT ANSWER innervates digestive organs, heart and other areas.
visceral and autonomic
Spinal Accessory nerve - CORRECT ANSWER Motor to neck and muscles
Hypoglossal nerve - CORRECT ANSWER tongue movement
Tectum - CORRECT ANSWER part of the midbrain responsible for sensory-motor
processing and integration
,Inferior Colliculus - CORRECT ANSWER a part of the midbrain that is involved in
auditory processing
Superior Colliculus - CORRECT ANSWER receives multiple visual sensory input
from the retina and IC. control eye movement and head orientation
Tegmentum - CORRECT ANSWER a part of the midbrain that is involved in motor
function and reward
Dopaminergic Nuclei of Midbrain - CORRECT ANSWER consists of 2 parts;
substantia nigra (movement initiation) and the ventral tegmental area (emotion/reward)
Diencephalon - CORRECT ANSWER contains the thalamus and hypothalamus.
responsible for primitive behavior (feeding, drinking, sex) and endocrine activity (pituitary)
Amygdala - CORRECT ANSWER controls emotions and fear. receives sensory input
from the thalamus.
Basal Ganglia - CORRECT ANSWER controls voluntary movement and motor
behavior, reward/emotion
Internal Capsule - CORRECT ANSWER connects the thalamus to the cortex
Corpus Callosum - CORRECT ANSWER connects the hemispheres of the cortex
Forebrain - CORRECT ANSWER the cerebral cortex
Olfactory Complex - CORRECT ANSWER controls smell and is directly connected to
the olfactory bulb via the olfactory nerve. 4 layers
,Hippocampus - CORRECT ANSWER 1 layer. control of learning, memory and spatial
navigation
Neocortex - CORRECT ANSWER 6 complex layers. only found in mammals
Gyri - CORRECT ANSWER bumps and ridges of the brain
Sulci - CORRECT ANSWER grooves and folds of the brain (increase the surface area)
How do the two hemispheres communicate? - CORRECT ANSWER the corpus
callosum
Where does cortical layer 4 receive input from? - CORRECT ANSWER the thalamus
Where does cortical layer 6 output to? - CORRECT ANSWER the thalamus
Pyramidal cells - CORRECT ANSWER the primary cells of the cortex. they are
excitatory
Brodmann's Cytoarchitectonic Map - CORRECT ANSWER a map that divides the
brain into regions based on differences in layers. it concludes that similar structure leads to
similar structure
Sensation - CORRECT ANSWER the process by which our sensory receptors and
nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment
Receptive fields - CORRECT ANSWER spatial domain in sense organs where
stimulation excites or inhibits a pathway
, lateral inhibition - CORRECT ANSWER neurons that are stimulated inhibit nearby
neurons to help discriminate areas where the stimulation is coming from
What is the somatsensory organ in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER the skin
What is a mechanoreceptor? - CORRECT ANSWER unmyelinated nerve endings of
primary sensory afferent sensitive to physical distortion of the skin
How can the smallest distance between 2 points be distinguished? - CORRECT
ANSWER density of mechanoreceptors in the skin and the size of their receptive fields
Merkel receptors - CORRECT ANSWER sense pressure (slow)
Meissner corpuscle - CORRECT ANSWER sense fluttering and texture (medium fast)
Ruffini cylinder - CORRECT ANSWER sense stretching from joint movement (fast)
Pacinian corpuscles - CORRECT ANSWER sense vibrations (very fast)
What is sensory adaptation? - CORRECT ANSWER the progressive loss of receptor
response as exposure to a stimulus is prolonged
What is a slowly adapting fiber? - CORRECT ANSWER refers to either Merkel disks
or Ruffini cylinders. these fibers will keep responding as long as there is a stimulus present
What is a rapidly adapting fiber? - CORRECT ANSWER refers to either Meissner or
Pacinian corpuscles. these fibers respond to stimuli with a burst of firing at the beginning and
end of stimulation
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Optic Nerve - CORRECT ANSWER responsible for vision
Oculomotor nerve - CORRECT ANSWER eye movement
Trochlear nerve - CORRECT ANSWER eye movement
Trigeminal Nerver - CORRECT ANSWER facial sensation
Abducens Nerve - CORRECT ANSWER eye movement
Facial nerve - CORRECT ANSWER taste, facial expression
vestibulocochlear nerve - CORRECT ANSWER hearing and balance
Clossopharyngeal nerve - CORRECT ANSWER taste
Vagus nerve - CORRECT ANSWER innervates digestive organs, heart and other areas.
visceral and autonomic
Spinal Accessory nerve - CORRECT ANSWER Motor to neck and muscles
Hypoglossal nerve - CORRECT ANSWER tongue movement
Tectum - CORRECT ANSWER part of the midbrain responsible for sensory-motor
processing and integration
,Inferior Colliculus - CORRECT ANSWER a part of the midbrain that is involved in
auditory processing
Superior Colliculus - CORRECT ANSWER receives multiple visual sensory input
from the retina and IC. control eye movement and head orientation
Tegmentum - CORRECT ANSWER a part of the midbrain that is involved in motor
function and reward
Dopaminergic Nuclei of Midbrain - CORRECT ANSWER consists of 2 parts;
substantia nigra (movement initiation) and the ventral tegmental area (emotion/reward)
Diencephalon - CORRECT ANSWER contains the thalamus and hypothalamus.
responsible for primitive behavior (feeding, drinking, sex) and endocrine activity (pituitary)
Amygdala - CORRECT ANSWER controls emotions and fear. receives sensory input
from the thalamus.
Basal Ganglia - CORRECT ANSWER controls voluntary movement and motor
behavior, reward/emotion
Internal Capsule - CORRECT ANSWER connects the thalamus to the cortex
Corpus Callosum - CORRECT ANSWER connects the hemispheres of the cortex
Forebrain - CORRECT ANSWER the cerebral cortex
Olfactory Complex - CORRECT ANSWER controls smell and is directly connected to
the olfactory bulb via the olfactory nerve. 4 layers
,Hippocampus - CORRECT ANSWER 1 layer. control of learning, memory and spatial
navigation
Neocortex - CORRECT ANSWER 6 complex layers. only found in mammals
Gyri - CORRECT ANSWER bumps and ridges of the brain
Sulci - CORRECT ANSWER grooves and folds of the brain (increase the surface area)
How do the two hemispheres communicate? - CORRECT ANSWER the corpus
callosum
Where does cortical layer 4 receive input from? - CORRECT ANSWER the thalamus
Where does cortical layer 6 output to? - CORRECT ANSWER the thalamus
Pyramidal cells - CORRECT ANSWER the primary cells of the cortex. they are
excitatory
Brodmann's Cytoarchitectonic Map - CORRECT ANSWER a map that divides the
brain into regions based on differences in layers. it concludes that similar structure leads to
similar structure
Sensation - CORRECT ANSWER the process by which our sensory receptors and
nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment
Receptive fields - CORRECT ANSWER spatial domain in sense organs where
stimulation excites or inhibits a pathway
, lateral inhibition - CORRECT ANSWER neurons that are stimulated inhibit nearby
neurons to help discriminate areas where the stimulation is coming from
What is the somatsensory organ in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER the skin
What is a mechanoreceptor? - CORRECT ANSWER unmyelinated nerve endings of
primary sensory afferent sensitive to physical distortion of the skin
How can the smallest distance between 2 points be distinguished? - CORRECT
ANSWER density of mechanoreceptors in the skin and the size of their receptive fields
Merkel receptors - CORRECT ANSWER sense pressure (slow)
Meissner corpuscle - CORRECT ANSWER sense fluttering and texture (medium fast)
Ruffini cylinder - CORRECT ANSWER sense stretching from joint movement (fast)
Pacinian corpuscles - CORRECT ANSWER sense vibrations (very fast)
What is sensory adaptation? - CORRECT ANSWER the progressive loss of receptor
response as exposure to a stimulus is prolonged
What is a slowly adapting fiber? - CORRECT ANSWER refers to either Merkel disks
or Ruffini cylinders. these fibers will keep responding as long as there is a stimulus present
What is a rapidly adapting fiber? - CORRECT ANSWER refers to either Meissner or
Pacinian corpuscles. these fibers respond to stimuli with a burst of firing at the beginning and
end of stimulation
