PN3006: INTRAVENOUS THERAPY AND
BLOOD TRANSFUSION EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
2026/2027
What is intravenous therapy? - ANS A treatment that infuses solutions, medications, blood,
or blood products directly into a vein.
What are common reasons for administering IV therapy? - ANS Emergency situations,
maintaining vein patency, electrolyte balance, providing fluids, medications, blood transfusions,
and nutritional supplements.
What are the advantages of intravenous therapy? - ANS Immediate effect, control over
administration rate, suitable for patients who cannot tolerate oral intake, and avoidance of pain
and irritation compared to other routes.
What is a hematoma in the context of IV therapy? - ANS Blood leakage into tissue, causing
swelling and discoloration.
What is infiltration in IV therapy? - ANS Fluid entering surrounding tissue, indicated by pain,
swelling, and coolness at the IV site.
2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
1
, What are the signs of phlebitis? - ANS Redness, pain, warmth, palpable venous cord, and
possible purulent discharge.
What is thrombophlebitis? - ANS Vein inflammation accompanied by a clot, causing pain and
tenderness along the vein.
What is circulatory overload? - ANS Excess fluid accumulation in the lungs, leading to
pulmonary edema, especially in patients with congestive heart failure.
What are the signs of an air embolism? - ANS Sudden shortness of breath, coughing,
breathlessness, neck and shoulder pain, anxiety, increased heart rate, and hypotension.
What is extravasation? - ANS Leakage of medication into surrounding tissue, potentially
causing tissue damage.
What are the clinical signs of phlebitis graded 4? - ANS Erythema, pain, edema, palpable
venous cord longer than 2.5 cm, streak formation, and purulent drainage.
What are the signs of infiltration graded 3? - ANS Skin blanched, translucent, with edema
greater than 2.5-15 cm, cool to touch, mild to moderate pain, possible numbness.
What is the most common type of venous access for IV therapy? - ANS Peripheral IV (PVAD),
preferred for short-term therapy.
What is a central IV (CVAD)? - ANS An intravenous catheter inserted into a large vein in the
central circulation system for long-term or irritating solutions.
What is a hypotonic solution used for? - ANS To move fluid into cells for cellular hydration.
What is an isotonic solution used for? - ANS Fluid and electrolyte replacement, with no fluid
shift.
2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
2
BLOOD TRANSFUSION EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
2026/2027
What is intravenous therapy? - ANS A treatment that infuses solutions, medications, blood,
or blood products directly into a vein.
What are common reasons for administering IV therapy? - ANS Emergency situations,
maintaining vein patency, electrolyte balance, providing fluids, medications, blood transfusions,
and nutritional supplements.
What are the advantages of intravenous therapy? - ANS Immediate effect, control over
administration rate, suitable for patients who cannot tolerate oral intake, and avoidance of pain
and irritation compared to other routes.
What is a hematoma in the context of IV therapy? - ANS Blood leakage into tissue, causing
swelling and discoloration.
What is infiltration in IV therapy? - ANS Fluid entering surrounding tissue, indicated by pain,
swelling, and coolness at the IV site.
2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
1
, What are the signs of phlebitis? - ANS Redness, pain, warmth, palpable venous cord, and
possible purulent discharge.
What is thrombophlebitis? - ANS Vein inflammation accompanied by a clot, causing pain and
tenderness along the vein.
What is circulatory overload? - ANS Excess fluid accumulation in the lungs, leading to
pulmonary edema, especially in patients with congestive heart failure.
What are the signs of an air embolism? - ANS Sudden shortness of breath, coughing,
breathlessness, neck and shoulder pain, anxiety, increased heart rate, and hypotension.
What is extravasation? - ANS Leakage of medication into surrounding tissue, potentially
causing tissue damage.
What are the clinical signs of phlebitis graded 4? - ANS Erythema, pain, edema, palpable
venous cord longer than 2.5 cm, streak formation, and purulent drainage.
What are the signs of infiltration graded 3? - ANS Skin blanched, translucent, with edema
greater than 2.5-15 cm, cool to touch, mild to moderate pain, possible numbness.
What is the most common type of venous access for IV therapy? - ANS Peripheral IV (PVAD),
preferred for short-term therapy.
What is a central IV (CVAD)? - ANS An intravenous catheter inserted into a large vein in the
central circulation system for long-term or irritating solutions.
What is a hypotonic solution used for? - ANS To move fluid into cells for cellular hydration.
What is an isotonic solution used for? - ANS Fluid and electrolyte replacement, with no fluid
shift.
2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
2
