IB Psychology HL
Sociocultural Analysis of Behaviour
Index
● The individual and the group
○ Social identity theory
■ Tajfel et al (1971)—minimal group experiment 1
○ Social cognitive theory
■ Bandura et al. (1961) - Bobo doll
■ Charlton et al. (2002)-St. Helena Study
● Stereotypes
○ Cultural origins of behaviour and cognition
■ Hamilton and Gifford (1976)
○ Culture and its influence on behaviour and cognition
■ Steele and Aronson (1995)
○ Cultural dimensions
■ Chiu (1972)—cognitive styles in Chinese and US students
■ Hofstede (1973)—the multinational survey
● Cultural influences on individual attitudes, identity and behaviours
○ Enculturation
■ Trainor et al (2012)—active learning as the mechanism of musical
enculturation
■ Odden and Rochat (2004)
○ Acculturation
■ Miranda and Matheny (2000)
■ Lueck and Wilson (2010)
● The influence of globalization on individual behaviour (HL only)
○ Ogihara and Uchida (2014)
○ Norasakkunkit and Uchida (2014)
, IB Psychology HL
Social Identity Theory
Social Identity Theory:
• Suggests that the groups we join automatically
become the in-group and all other groups become
out-groups.
• Can lead to discrimination and intergroup conflicts
in extreme situations
TAJFEL (1970) - Giving points to art groups
● AIM: See if intergroup discrimination would take place when put into different groups
regardless of any prior prejudice
● PROCEDURE:
○ 48 boys aged 14-15
○ Rate 12 paintings and told that they were placed in groups based on ratings (but
was random)
○ P. had to award points to a boy from each of the two groups using one of two point
allocation systems
■ SYSTEM 1: Points linked, sum of points was 15 - the other boy given
remainder of points
■ SYSTEM 2: G.1 member gave higher value to in-group, out-group would
receive more points. Mid-range values were equal for both groups, if low
value for in-group, only 1 point awarded to out-group.
● FINDINGS:
○ SYSTEM 1: More points given to in-group (in-group favouritism)
Sociocultural Analysis of Behaviour
Index
● The individual and the group
○ Social identity theory
■ Tajfel et al (1971)—minimal group experiment 1
○ Social cognitive theory
■ Bandura et al. (1961) - Bobo doll
■ Charlton et al. (2002)-St. Helena Study
● Stereotypes
○ Cultural origins of behaviour and cognition
■ Hamilton and Gifford (1976)
○ Culture and its influence on behaviour and cognition
■ Steele and Aronson (1995)
○ Cultural dimensions
■ Chiu (1972)—cognitive styles in Chinese and US students
■ Hofstede (1973)—the multinational survey
● Cultural influences on individual attitudes, identity and behaviours
○ Enculturation
■ Trainor et al (2012)—active learning as the mechanism of musical
enculturation
■ Odden and Rochat (2004)
○ Acculturation
■ Miranda and Matheny (2000)
■ Lueck and Wilson (2010)
● The influence of globalization on individual behaviour (HL only)
○ Ogihara and Uchida (2014)
○ Norasakkunkit and Uchida (2014)
, IB Psychology HL
Social Identity Theory
Social Identity Theory:
• Suggests that the groups we join automatically
become the in-group and all other groups become
out-groups.
• Can lead to discrimination and intergroup conflicts
in extreme situations
TAJFEL (1970) - Giving points to art groups
● AIM: See if intergroup discrimination would take place when put into different groups
regardless of any prior prejudice
● PROCEDURE:
○ 48 boys aged 14-15
○ Rate 12 paintings and told that they were placed in groups based on ratings (but
was random)
○ P. had to award points to a boy from each of the two groups using one of two point
allocation systems
■ SYSTEM 1: Points linked, sum of points was 15 - the other boy given
remainder of points
■ SYSTEM 2: G.1 member gave higher value to in-group, out-group would
receive more points. Mid-range values were equal for both groups, if low
value for in-group, only 1 point awarded to out-group.
● FINDINGS:
○ SYSTEM 1: More points given to in-group (in-group favouritism)
