DREXEL BIO 209 FINAL EXAM 2026 UPDATE WITH
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS100%
CORRECT ANSWERS ( EXPERT VERIFIED AND
DETAILED ANSWERS) A+ GRADED | GUARANTEED
SUCCESS | GET IT 100% ACCURATE!!!
% of DNA sequence in exons - ANSWER-1.5%
•ATP synthase: - ANSWER-
-F-Type ATPases (reversible, ATP-driven proton pumps: protons can
either move against concentration gradient (i.e. certain bacteria) or
with gradient (i.e., ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation
in mitochondria)
-ATP synthase refers to scenario in which protons movement occurs
with its gradient!
•Lifetime of mRNA controlled by - ANSWER-1.Length of Poly(A) tail
2.3'UTR sequence
-(AUUUA promotes rapid degradation)
3.Metabolic state of cell
Regulatory Mechanisms.......
•Na+/K+ ATPase: - ANSWER--P-Type ATPase (channel becomes
phosphorylated during transport)
,-Antiporter
-Primary active transport (couples ATP hydrolysis [exergonic] with
simultaneous movement of Na+ & K+ against their electrochemical
gradients [endergonic])
•Sense or Antisense RNA strands - ANSWER-
-"sense" strands encode nucleotides that specify amino acids of gene
products
-"anti-sense" strands are complementary to "sense" strands
7-Methyl Guanosine Cap - ANSWER-occurs when chain is 30
nucleotides in length during active transcription
a helix cont. - ANSWER-two or more a helices intertwine to form
coiled coil (ex. keratin, fibrin, myosin)
hemoglobin high in a helix content
chymotrypsin lacks a helix
A site ( aminoacyl) - ANSWER-binds incoming aminoacyl- tRNA
Acridine Dyes - ANSWER-•Intercalates into DNA
•Increases rigidity
•Induces bends/kinks
•Results in addition/deletions during replication
•Nonfunctional proteins
,active transport - ANSWER-requires ATP
adaptive mutation - ANSWER-mutagenic event arises due to exposure
to antibiotic
Alkylating Agents - ANSWER-•Transfer Alkyl grp to base at N or Os
•Alter bp potential
•Induce transitions, transversions, frameshifts
all amino acids have - ANSWER-H atom
carboxyl group
amino group
Rgroup (differentiating factor)
allosteric regulation - ANSWER-feedback inhibition
regulates levels of synthesized end product
alpha helix - ANSWER-tightly coiled
rod arrangement of amino acids
R-grop radiates outwards
backbone is repeating units of amino group bonded to carbonyl
group
(n+4 rule)
3.6 amino acids per turn
right handed
, Alternative Splicing of mRNA - ANSWER-•Spliceosomes in nucleus
remove introns
•Can modify coding sequence by removing exons
-Dependent on RNA/Spliceosome interaction
-Economizes on genetic information
-Create numerous related yet different proteins
another name for protein assemblies - ANSWER-polymer
ex. actin filaments
arrangment of histone core - ANSWER-N terminal tails of histones
exposed
tails required for formation of 30 nm fiber
ATP Synthase - ANSWER-the last step in the
electron transport chain
A multisubunit
transmembrane protein
(450 kD)
Two functional units,
F1 and Fo
Fo is a water-insoluble
transmembrane
proton pore
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS100%
CORRECT ANSWERS ( EXPERT VERIFIED AND
DETAILED ANSWERS) A+ GRADED | GUARANTEED
SUCCESS | GET IT 100% ACCURATE!!!
% of DNA sequence in exons - ANSWER-1.5%
•ATP synthase: - ANSWER-
-F-Type ATPases (reversible, ATP-driven proton pumps: protons can
either move against concentration gradient (i.e. certain bacteria) or
with gradient (i.e., ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation
in mitochondria)
-ATP synthase refers to scenario in which protons movement occurs
with its gradient!
•Lifetime of mRNA controlled by - ANSWER-1.Length of Poly(A) tail
2.3'UTR sequence
-(AUUUA promotes rapid degradation)
3.Metabolic state of cell
Regulatory Mechanisms.......
•Na+/K+ ATPase: - ANSWER--P-Type ATPase (channel becomes
phosphorylated during transport)
,-Antiporter
-Primary active transport (couples ATP hydrolysis [exergonic] with
simultaneous movement of Na+ & K+ against their electrochemical
gradients [endergonic])
•Sense or Antisense RNA strands - ANSWER-
-"sense" strands encode nucleotides that specify amino acids of gene
products
-"anti-sense" strands are complementary to "sense" strands
7-Methyl Guanosine Cap - ANSWER-occurs when chain is 30
nucleotides in length during active transcription
a helix cont. - ANSWER-two or more a helices intertwine to form
coiled coil (ex. keratin, fibrin, myosin)
hemoglobin high in a helix content
chymotrypsin lacks a helix
A site ( aminoacyl) - ANSWER-binds incoming aminoacyl- tRNA
Acridine Dyes - ANSWER-•Intercalates into DNA
•Increases rigidity
•Induces bends/kinks
•Results in addition/deletions during replication
•Nonfunctional proteins
,active transport - ANSWER-requires ATP
adaptive mutation - ANSWER-mutagenic event arises due to exposure
to antibiotic
Alkylating Agents - ANSWER-•Transfer Alkyl grp to base at N or Os
•Alter bp potential
•Induce transitions, transversions, frameshifts
all amino acids have - ANSWER-H atom
carboxyl group
amino group
Rgroup (differentiating factor)
allosteric regulation - ANSWER-feedback inhibition
regulates levels of synthesized end product
alpha helix - ANSWER-tightly coiled
rod arrangement of amino acids
R-grop radiates outwards
backbone is repeating units of amino group bonded to carbonyl
group
(n+4 rule)
3.6 amino acids per turn
right handed
, Alternative Splicing of mRNA - ANSWER-•Spliceosomes in nucleus
remove introns
•Can modify coding sequence by removing exons
-Dependent on RNA/Spliceosome interaction
-Economizes on genetic information
-Create numerous related yet different proteins
another name for protein assemblies - ANSWER-polymer
ex. actin filaments
arrangment of histone core - ANSWER-N terminal tails of histones
exposed
tails required for formation of 30 nm fiber
ATP Synthase - ANSWER-the last step in the
electron transport chain
A multisubunit
transmembrane protein
(450 kD)
Two functional units,
F1 and Fo
Fo is a water-insoluble
transmembrane
proton pore
