Science Medicine Nursing
NURS 250 FINAL EXAM Questions and Answers
Terms in this set (179)
How is nursing-related critical thinking different from Clinical judgment is an essential RN skill that involves:
clinical-related thinking of technicians (patient care -The interpretation of a patient's needs, concerns, or health problems
assistants (PCAs), nursing assistants, or OR/ED -The decision to take action or not
technicians)? -The decision to use or modify standard approaches
-The decision to improvise new approaches on the basis of a patient's response
Define critical thinking. List different behaviors and -Critical thinking is the knowledge, clinical experiences, and professional
activities that are a part of critical thinking standards used to make clinical judgments. It involves systematic and logical
thinking
-A continuous process characterized by open-mindedness, continual inquiry,
perseverance, and a willingness to analyze each patient scenario
Level 1 Critical Thinking Level 1: Basic
-More trust in experts than self
-Concrete thinkers based on rules and principles
-Lack of experience in skills and critical thinking
Level 2 Critical Thinking Level 2: Complex
-Analysis skills increase
-Independent analysis of choices
-Better at weighing risks and benefits
-More creative and innovative
-Easier to take different approaches to the same disease
Level 3 Critical Thinking Level 3: Commitment
-Make choices & accept accountability/responsibility
-Critical thinking
-Evaluates decision: appropriate?
Distinguish between facts and opinions and apply this Opinions are subjective, facts are facts! Make ethical decisions based on facts!
knowledge when forming an ethical decision
Deontology Deontology defines problems as right or wrong, based on:
-Rules
-Adherence to principles such as fidelity to promises, truth, and justice
-Consequences do not guide actions
-Search is for the essential right or wrong found in rules, laws, etc.
, Utilitarianism -Values are decided by usefulness
-The consequences of the actions are determined in each instance
-This is the greatest good for the greatest number of people
-Rules are used(deontology), BUT the consequence drives the ethical choice
Casuistry -Case-based reasoning
-Best actions are focused on situational details
-Previous, similar cases are reviewed so that a course of action can be determined
Feminist Ethics -Focuses on power imbalances
-Natural caring for others
-Emphasis on responsibility
-Decisions based on practical solutions rather than on theory
-How to support relationships between others
Ethics Provision 1 -Elements of formed consent: patient has full disclosure and understanding,
patient gives consent freely and is fully competent, and patient officially agrees
by signing the consent
-Patient is always the final decision maker!
Three Steps of Oxygenation Ventilation, perfusion, and diffusion
Ventilation The process of moving gases into and out of the lungs
Diffusion Exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli (lungs) and capillaries (systemic
peripheral tissues)
Perfusion The ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues
and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Know the basic examples (from lecture) of neural and -CNS controls the respiratory rate, depth, and rhythm
chemical regulation of ventilation -The cerebral cortex regulates voluntary respiration control
-The medulla oblongata is the involuntary respiration control
What is Starling's Law, and how is this law important -As the heart fills with more blood during diastole, it contracts harder and pumps
regarding perfusion? out more blood during systole
Systole Systole: Ventricles empty, atria fill
-Systolic Pressure
-S1 (mitral & tricuspid valves close) LUB
Diastole Diastole: Atria empty, ventricles fill
-Diastolic pressure
-S2 (aortic & pulmonic valves close) DUP
Trace the blood flow through the heart Vena cava->right atrium->left atrium->pulmonary arteries->lungs->pulmonary
veins->left atrium->left ventricle->aorta->body tissues
NURS 250 FINAL EXAM Questions and Answers
Terms in this set (179)
How is nursing-related critical thinking different from Clinical judgment is an essential RN skill that involves:
clinical-related thinking of technicians (patient care -The interpretation of a patient's needs, concerns, or health problems
assistants (PCAs), nursing assistants, or OR/ED -The decision to take action or not
technicians)? -The decision to use or modify standard approaches
-The decision to improvise new approaches on the basis of a patient's response
Define critical thinking. List different behaviors and -Critical thinking is the knowledge, clinical experiences, and professional
activities that are a part of critical thinking standards used to make clinical judgments. It involves systematic and logical
thinking
-A continuous process characterized by open-mindedness, continual inquiry,
perseverance, and a willingness to analyze each patient scenario
Level 1 Critical Thinking Level 1: Basic
-More trust in experts than self
-Concrete thinkers based on rules and principles
-Lack of experience in skills and critical thinking
Level 2 Critical Thinking Level 2: Complex
-Analysis skills increase
-Independent analysis of choices
-Better at weighing risks and benefits
-More creative and innovative
-Easier to take different approaches to the same disease
Level 3 Critical Thinking Level 3: Commitment
-Make choices & accept accountability/responsibility
-Critical thinking
-Evaluates decision: appropriate?
Distinguish between facts and opinions and apply this Opinions are subjective, facts are facts! Make ethical decisions based on facts!
knowledge when forming an ethical decision
Deontology Deontology defines problems as right or wrong, based on:
-Rules
-Adherence to principles such as fidelity to promises, truth, and justice
-Consequences do not guide actions
-Search is for the essential right or wrong found in rules, laws, etc.
, Utilitarianism -Values are decided by usefulness
-The consequences of the actions are determined in each instance
-This is the greatest good for the greatest number of people
-Rules are used(deontology), BUT the consequence drives the ethical choice
Casuistry -Case-based reasoning
-Best actions are focused on situational details
-Previous, similar cases are reviewed so that a course of action can be determined
Feminist Ethics -Focuses on power imbalances
-Natural caring for others
-Emphasis on responsibility
-Decisions based on practical solutions rather than on theory
-How to support relationships between others
Ethics Provision 1 -Elements of formed consent: patient has full disclosure and understanding,
patient gives consent freely and is fully competent, and patient officially agrees
by signing the consent
-Patient is always the final decision maker!
Three Steps of Oxygenation Ventilation, perfusion, and diffusion
Ventilation The process of moving gases into and out of the lungs
Diffusion Exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli (lungs) and capillaries (systemic
peripheral tissues)
Perfusion The ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues
and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Know the basic examples (from lecture) of neural and -CNS controls the respiratory rate, depth, and rhythm
chemical regulation of ventilation -The cerebral cortex regulates voluntary respiration control
-The medulla oblongata is the involuntary respiration control
What is Starling's Law, and how is this law important -As the heart fills with more blood during diastole, it contracts harder and pumps
regarding perfusion? out more blood during systole
Systole Systole: Ventricles empty, atria fill
-Systolic Pressure
-S1 (mitral & tricuspid valves close) LUB
Diastole Diastole: Atria empty, ventricles fill
-Diastolic pressure
-S2 (aortic & pulmonic valves close) DUP
Trace the blood flow through the heart Vena cava->right atrium->left atrium->pulmonary arteries->lungs->pulmonary
veins->left atrium->left ventricle->aorta->body tissues
