RD EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2carbohydratesA2isA2notA2aA2monosaccharide?
a.A2fructose
b.A2galactose
c.A2maltose
d.A2glucoseA2-A2Ans--C.A2Maltose
FructoseA2foundA2inA2fruitA2andA2isA2sweetestA2ofA2allA2monosaccharides.A2
GalactoseA2isA2derivedA2fromA2hydrolysisA2ofA2lactoseA2(milkA2sugar)A2duringA2digestion.A2
NotA2foundA2freelyA2inA2foods.
GlucoseA2isA2theA2primaryA2monosaccharideA2usedA2forA2energy.A2GenerallyA2partA2ofA2su
croseA2(disaccharide;A2glucoseA2+A2fructose)A2orA2linkedA2toA2lactoseA2toA2formA2galactos
eA2(disaccharide;A2glucoseA2+A2lactose).A2WhenA2glucoseA2isA2linkedA2toA2anotherA2glucos
eA2molecule,A2itA2formsA2maltoseA2andA2isA2consideredA2aA2disaccharide.
WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2statementsA2aboutA2glycogenA2isA2true?
a.A2GlycogenA2isA2aA2long-termA2energyA2source.
b.A2TheA2liverA2storesA2approximatelyA2100A2gramsA2ofA2glycogen.A2
c.A2GlycogenA2isA2storedA2primarilyA2inA2theA2liverA2butA2alsoA2appearsA2inA2skeletalA2andA2
heartA2muscles.A2
d.A2TheA2glycogenA2foundA2inA2skeletalA2musclesA2isA2catabolizedA2forA2useA2anywhereA2i
nA2theA2body.A2-A2Ans--
B.A2TheA2liverA2storesA2approximatelyA2100A2gramsA2ofA2glycogen.A2
glycogenA2isA2short-
termA2carbohydrateA2storageA2forA2theA2body.A2~100gA2ofA2glycogenA2isA2storedA2inA2theA2l
iver,A2whichA2whenA2catabolizedA2providesA2~400A2kcals.A2AboutA2300-
400gA2ofA2glycogenA2isA2storedA2inA2theA2skeletalA2muscles,A2whichA2yieldsA2lessA2thanA21
600kcal.A2GlycogenA2isA2NOTA2storedA2inA2theA2heartA2muscle.A2TheA2glycogenA2storedA2i
nA2theA2liverA2providesA2energyA2anywhereA2inA2theA2body,A2whereasA2theA2glycogenA2stor
edA2inA2theA2skeletalA2musclesA2providesA2energyA2onlyA2toA2skeletalA2muscleA2cells.A2The
A2amountA2ofA2storedA2glycogenA2isA2sufficientA2toA2sustainA2anA270kgA2maleA2forA2approxi
matelyA21A2day.
WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2statementsA2aboutA2controllingA2bloodA2glucoseA2levelsA2isA2fal
se?A2
a.A2BetaA2cellsA2inA2theA2isletsA2ofA2LangerhansA2produceA2insulin,A2whichA2isA2releasedA2
whenA2bloodA2glucoseA2levelsA2riseA2inA2responseA2toA2aA2meal.A2
b.A2AlphaA2cellsA2inA2theA2isletsA2ofA2LangerhansA2secreteA2glucagonA2whenA2theA2patient
A2isA2fasting,A2whichA2stimulatesA2theA2liverA2toA2breakA2downA2glycogenA2toA2maintainA2bl
oodA2glucoseA2levelsA2inA2theA2normalA2rangeA2ofA280A2toA2120A2mg/dl.A2
c.A2TheA2adrenalsA2secreteA2epinephrineA2andA2norepinephrineA2whenA2theA2patientA2isA2f
asting,A2whichA2stimulatesA2musclesA2toA2releaseA2glycogenA2toA2maintainA2bloodA2glucos
eA2levels.A2
,d.A2Glucocorticoids,A2suchA2asA2cortisolA2stimulateA2glycolysisA2toA2increaseA2bloodA2gluc
oseA2levels.A2-A2Ans--
D.A2Glucocorticoids,A2suchA2asA2cortisol,A2stimulateA2glycolysisA2toA2increaseA2bloodA2glu
coseA2levels.A2
BloodA2glucoseA2levelsA2areA2influencedA2byA2hormones,A2drugs,A2andA2vagusA2nerveA2ac
tivity.A2TheA2isletsA2ofA2LangerhansA2inA2theA2pancreasA2produceA2insulinA2whenA2theA2pat
ientA2feedsA2andA2glucagonA2whenA2theA2patientA2fasts.A2InA2theA2postprandialA2periodA2b
etaA2cellsA2releaseA2insulinA2toA2normalizeA2bloodA2glucoseA2levels.A2InA2theA2fastingA2stat
e,A2alphaA2cellsA2releaseA2glucagonA2toA2stimulateA2glycogenolysis,A2whichA2isA2glycogen
A2breakdown.A2EpinephrineA2andA2norepinephrineA2increaseA2glucoseA2levelsA2duringA2str
essA2byA2promotingA2catabolismA2ofA2muscleA2cellsA2forA2glycogenA2andA2adiposeA2cellsA2
forA2triglycerides.A2GlucocorticoidsA2increaseA2bloodA2glucoseA2levelsA2byA2stimulatingA2gl
uconeogenesis,A2notA2glycolysis.A2GlycolysisA2isA2theA2breakdownA2ofA2glucose.A2Glucon
eogenesisA2isA2glucoseA2formation,A2whichA2occursA2mainlyA2inA2theA2liver.A2GlycolysisA2a
ndA2gluconeogenesisA2doA2notA2occurA2atA2theA2sameA2time.
BodyA2fatA2performsA2allA2ofA2theA2followingA2except:A2
a.A2ProvidesA2aA2concentratedA2sourceA2ofA2energyA2
b.A2ProtectsA2bonesA2andA2internalA2organsA2byA2cushioningA2themA2andA2regulatingA2thei
rA2temperature.
c.A2ProvidesA2aA2sourceA2ofA2eicosapentaenoicA2(EPA)A2andA2docosahexaenoicA2(DHA)A2
essentialA2fattyA2acids.A2
d.A2AidsA2inA2absorptionA2ofA2theA2fatA2solubleA2vitaminsA2A,D,E,A2andA2K.A2-A2Ans--
C.A2ProvidesA2aA2sourceA2ofA2eicosapentaenicA2(EPA)A2andA2docosahexaenoicA2(DHA)A2
essentialA2fattyA2acids.A2
FatA2playsA2aA2veryA2importantA2roleA2inA2theA2body.A2ItA2providesA2aA2concentratedA2ener
gy,A2atA29A2kcalA2perA2gram,A2whereasA2proteinA2andA2carbohydrateA2onlyA2provideA24kcal
/
g.A2StructuralA2fatA2padsA2cushionA2andA2protectA2theA2bodyA2fromA2injury,A2especiallyA2bo
nesA2andA2internalA2organs.A2FatA2providesA2aA2sourceA2ofA2essentialA2fattyA2acids,A2whic
hA2theA2bodyA2doesA2notA2manufacture,A2butA2mostlyA2obtainA2fromA2seeds,A2oils,A2cold-
waterA2fish,A2orA2supplements.A2TheA2threeA2essentialA2fattyA2acidsA2(EFAs)A2areA2arachn
oidic,A2linoleic,A2andA2linolenic.A2EFAsA2areA2importantA2forA2bloodA2clottingA2andA2brainA2
development.A2EicosapentaenoicA2(EPA)A2andA2docosahexaenoicA2(DHA)A2deriveA2fromA
2alpha-
linolenicA2acid,A2butA2areA2notA2themselvesA2essentialA2fattyA2acids.A2FatsA2areA2alsoA2req
uiredA2forA2theA2absorptionA2ofA2theA2fat-solubleA2vitaminsA2A,D,E,A2&A2K.
WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2areA2notA2essentialA2aminoA2acids?
a.A2Lysine,A2leucine,A2valine
b.A2Isoleucine,A2tryptophan,A2phenylalanine
c.A2methionine,A2threonine,A2lysine
d.A2tyrosine,A2glycine,A2alanineA2-A2Ans--D.A2Tyrosine,A2glycine,A2alanine.A2
AminoA2acidsA2areA2theA2buildingA2blocksA2ofA2protein.A2ThereA2areA220A2aminoA2acidsA2in
A2total.A2NineA2AAA2areA2essentialA2andA2cannotA2beA2madeA2byA2theA2body:A2Isoleucine,A2
leucine,A2lysine,A2methionine,A2phenylalanine,A2threonine,A2tryptophan,A2valine,A2andA2his
,tidine.A2Often,A2adultsA2canA2synthesizeA2enoughA2histidine,A2butA2infantsA2andA2childrenA
2cannot.A2EssentialA2AAsA2mustA2beA2obtainedA2fromA2food.A2TheA2bestA2sourcesA2ofA2ess
entialA2AAsA2areA2animalA2products,A2suchA2asA2meat,A2poultry,A2fish,A2dairy,A2andA2eggs.
A2AA2dietA2containingA210%A2toA212%A2ofA2caloriesA2fromA2proteinA2shouldA2meetA2essenti
alA2AAsA2requirements.A2TheA2non-
essentialA2AAsA2areA2arginine,A2alanine,A2asparagine,A2asparticA2acid,A2cysteine,A2glutami
ne,A2glutamicA2acid,A2glycine,A2proline,A2serine,A2andA2tyrosine.
WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2statementsA2aboutA2excessiveA2proteinA2intakeA2isA2false?
a.A2ExcessiveA2proteinA2intakeA2isA2difficultA2toA2achieveA2and,A2therefore,A2isA2notA2aA2da
nger.A2
b.A2ExcessiveA2proteinA2intakeA2increasesA2calciumA2excretion,A2whichA2canA2potentiallyA2
leadA2toA2osteoporosis.A2
c.A2ExcessiveA2proteinA2inA2theA2dietA2isA2brokenA2downA2inA2theA2kidneysA2andA2excreted
A2inA2theA2urineA2asA2urea.A2
d.A2ExcessiveA2proteinA2intakeA2willA2notA2helpA2anA2athleteA2buildA2moreA2muscles,A2butA2
willA2insteadA2convertA2intoA2fat,A2ifA2itA2isA2notA2usedA2asA2anA2energyA2source.A2-A2Ans--
A.A2ExcessiveA2proteinA2intakeA2isA2difficultA2toA2achieveA2and,A2therefore,A2isA2notA2aA2da
nger.
TheA2majorityA2ofA2AmericansA2consumeA2proteinA2inA2excessA2requirements.A2ManyA2pe
opleA2consumeA2atA2leastA2twiceA2asA2muchA2asA2theyA2need.A2SomeA2excessA2proteinA2b
ecomesA2aA2calorieA2sourceA2orA2convertsA2toA2fat.A2StudiesA2demonstratedA2anA2increas
eA2inA2calciumA2excretionA2relatedA2toA2anA2increaseA2inA2proteinA2intake,A2especiallyA2ani
malA2protein,A2dueA2toA2acidifiedA2blood.A2AsA2theA2digestiveA2systemA2breaksA2downA2lar
geA2amountsA2ofA2protein,A2theA2bonesA2releaseA2calciumA2toA2neutralizeA2theA2blood.A2Ac
idifiedA2bloodA2leadsA2toA2osteoporosisA2inA2predisposedA2people.A2NormallyA2functioning
A2kidneysA2excreteA2nitrogenousA2wastesA2includingA2ureaA2derivedA2fromA2theA2breakdo
wnA2ofA2protein.A2AthletesA2oftenA2consumeA2moreA2proteinA2inA2theA2falseA2hopeA2thatA2it
A2willA2buildA2biggerA2muscles.A2ThereA2isA2noA2benefitA2toA2massiveA2proteinA2intake.A2Act
ualA2muscleA2developmentA2resultsA2formA2exercise,A2weightA2training,A2andA2properA2nut
rition.
HowA2manyA2gramsA2ofA2proteinA2areA2inA2aA2mealA2containingA26A2ouncesA2bakedA2fish,A2
1A2cupA2cookedA2pasta,A21A2cupA2steamedA2broccoli,A21A2sliceA2wholeA2wheatA2bread,A21A
2cupA2skimA2milk,A21/2cupA2slicedA2strawberries,A2andA21A2sliceA2angelA2cake?
a.A254grams
b.A266grams
c.A275gramsA2
d.A283gramsA2-A2Ans--B.A266grams
InA2theA2aboveA2meal,A2theA2proteinA2contentA2isA266grams,A2asA2follows:A2fishA242grams;
A2pastaA26grams;A2broccoliA24A2grams.A2wholeA2wheatA2breadA22A2grams;A2milkA28A2grams
;A2andA2angelA2cakeA23A2grams.A2
TheA2ADAA22007A2ChooseA2YourA2Foods:A2ExchangeA2ListsA2forA2MealA2Planning,A2offers
A2aA2quickA2wayA2toA2calculateA2theA2macronutrientA2contentA2ofA2manyA2foods:A2
-meatsA2andA2meatA2substitutesA2containA27A2gramsA2PRO/A2ounce
-starchesA2containA22A2toA23A2gramsA2ofA2PRO/A2serving
, -vegiesA2containA22A2gramsA2PRO/A2serving
-milkA2containsA28A2gramsA2perA28A2ouncesA2serving
-thereA2isA2noA2significantA2PROA2inA2fruit.A2
*checkA2servingA2sizeA2asA2portionA2sizesA2varyA2betweenA2foodA2items.
KwashiorkorA2patientsA2haveA2allA2ofA2theA2followingA2characteristicsA2except:A2
a.A2lossA2ofA2somaticA2stores
b.A2preservationA2ofA2somaticA2stores
c.A2lossA2ofA2visceralA2proteinA2stores
d.A2large,A2protrudingA2abdomenA2-A2Ans--A.A2LossA2ofA2somaticA2stores.A2
KwashiorkorA2isA2malnutritionA2forA2lackA2ofA2aminoA2acids.A2ItA2usuallyA2affectsA2weanedA
2childrenA2betweenA212monthsA2andA23A2y/
oA2inA2thirdA2worldA2countriesA2withA2famine,A2drought,A2politicalA2unrest,A2orA2traditionalA2
eatingA2habits.A2TheA2victim'sA2dietA2isA2protein-
deprived.A2MostA2caloriesA2areA2derivedA2fromA2aA2restrictedA2carbohydrateA2source,A2suc
hA2asA2cornA2orA2sugar-
water.A2KwashiorkorA2isA2uncommonA2inA2theA2US.,A2whereA2itA2usuallyA2appearsA2onlyA2i
nA2severelyA2abusedA2childrenA2andA2neglectedA2nursingA2homeA2residents.A2TheA2mainA2
characteristicsA2includeA2preservationA2ofA2somaticA2orA2fatA2storesA2andA2lossA2ofA2viscer
alA2proteinA2stores.A2TheA2signsA2andA2symptomsA2ofA2kwashiorkorA2are:A2AA2large,A2protr
udingA2belly;A2significantA2edema;A2changesA2inA2hairA2andA2skinA2pigment;A2skinA2rash;A2f
atigue;A2irritability;A2diarrhea;A2andA2decreasedA2immuneA2function.A2VictimsA2neverA2reac
hA2theirA2heightA2potential.
WhichA2descriptionA2ofA2marasmusA2isA2mostA2accurate?
a.A2StarvationA2fromA2foodA2deprivation,A2withA2aA2decreaseA2inA2somaticA2andA2visceralA2
proteinA2stores,A2butA2subcutaneousA2fatA2storesA2areA2preserved.A2
b.A2ProteinA2deprivation,A2withA2adequateA2caloriesA2fromA2carbohydratesA2andA2depletio
nA2ofA2visceralA2proteinA2stores,A2butA2preservationA2ofA2somaticA2stores.A2
c.A2SevereA2malnutrition,A2withA2lossA2ofA2subcutaneousA2fatA2andA2depletionA2ofA2muscle
A2mass,A2followedA2byA2aA2breakdownA2inA2leanA2bodyA2mass.A2
d.A2AA2formA2ofA2malnutritionA2mainlyA2seenA2inA2theA2US,A2dueA2toA2limitedA2accessA2toA2f
ood.A2-A2Ans--
C.A2SevereA2malnutrition,A2withA2lossA2ofA2subcutaneousA2fatA2andA2depletionA2ofA2muscle
A2mass,A2followedA2byA2aA2breakdownA2inA2leanA2bodyA2mass.A2
MarasmusA2isA2severeA2malnutritionA2fromA2lackA2ofA2calories.A2ItA2usuallyA2affectsA2infant
sA26A2toA218monthsA2oldA2whenA2theirA2mother'sA2breastA2milkA2failsA2andA2theyA2contractA
2chronicA2diarrheaA2fromA2pollutedA2water.A2ItA2canA2alsoA2affectA2childrenA2withA2metaboli
cA2disordersA2ofA2malabsorption.A2MarasmusA2isA2characterizedA2by:A2decreaseA2inA2som
aticA2andA2subcutaneousA2stores,A2preservationA2ofA2visceralA2proteinA2stores,A2depletion
A2ofA2leanA2bodyA2mass;A2pronouncedA2weightA2lossA2(emaciation)A2toA220%A2ofA2normalA
2forA2aA2givenA2ht;A2largeA2head;A2looseA2skin;A2intellectualA2disability;A2depression;A2andA2
failureA2toA2thrive.A2ByA2contrast,A2kwashiorkorA2affectsA2childrenA21-
3A2y/
oA2withA2depletedA2visceralA2proteinA2stores,A2butA2somaticA2andA2subcutaneousA2fatA2stor
CORRECT ANSWERS
WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2carbohydratesA2isA2notA2aA2monosaccharide?
a.A2fructose
b.A2galactose
c.A2maltose
d.A2glucoseA2-A2Ans--C.A2Maltose
FructoseA2foundA2inA2fruitA2andA2isA2sweetestA2ofA2allA2monosaccharides.A2
GalactoseA2isA2derivedA2fromA2hydrolysisA2ofA2lactoseA2(milkA2sugar)A2duringA2digestion.A2
NotA2foundA2freelyA2inA2foods.
GlucoseA2isA2theA2primaryA2monosaccharideA2usedA2forA2energy.A2GenerallyA2partA2ofA2su
croseA2(disaccharide;A2glucoseA2+A2fructose)A2orA2linkedA2toA2lactoseA2toA2formA2galactos
eA2(disaccharide;A2glucoseA2+A2lactose).A2WhenA2glucoseA2isA2linkedA2toA2anotherA2glucos
eA2molecule,A2itA2formsA2maltoseA2andA2isA2consideredA2aA2disaccharide.
WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2statementsA2aboutA2glycogenA2isA2true?
a.A2GlycogenA2isA2aA2long-termA2energyA2source.
b.A2TheA2liverA2storesA2approximatelyA2100A2gramsA2ofA2glycogen.A2
c.A2GlycogenA2isA2storedA2primarilyA2inA2theA2liverA2butA2alsoA2appearsA2inA2skeletalA2andA2
heartA2muscles.A2
d.A2TheA2glycogenA2foundA2inA2skeletalA2musclesA2isA2catabolizedA2forA2useA2anywhereA2i
nA2theA2body.A2-A2Ans--
B.A2TheA2liverA2storesA2approximatelyA2100A2gramsA2ofA2glycogen.A2
glycogenA2isA2short-
termA2carbohydrateA2storageA2forA2theA2body.A2~100gA2ofA2glycogenA2isA2storedA2inA2theA2l
iver,A2whichA2whenA2catabolizedA2providesA2~400A2kcals.A2AboutA2300-
400gA2ofA2glycogenA2isA2storedA2inA2theA2skeletalA2muscles,A2whichA2yieldsA2lessA2thanA21
600kcal.A2GlycogenA2isA2NOTA2storedA2inA2theA2heartA2muscle.A2TheA2glycogenA2storedA2i
nA2theA2liverA2providesA2energyA2anywhereA2inA2theA2body,A2whereasA2theA2glycogenA2stor
edA2inA2theA2skeletalA2musclesA2providesA2energyA2onlyA2toA2skeletalA2muscleA2cells.A2The
A2amountA2ofA2storedA2glycogenA2isA2sufficientA2toA2sustainA2anA270kgA2maleA2forA2approxi
matelyA21A2day.
WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2statementsA2aboutA2controllingA2bloodA2glucoseA2levelsA2isA2fal
se?A2
a.A2BetaA2cellsA2inA2theA2isletsA2ofA2LangerhansA2produceA2insulin,A2whichA2isA2releasedA2
whenA2bloodA2glucoseA2levelsA2riseA2inA2responseA2toA2aA2meal.A2
b.A2AlphaA2cellsA2inA2theA2isletsA2ofA2LangerhansA2secreteA2glucagonA2whenA2theA2patient
A2isA2fasting,A2whichA2stimulatesA2theA2liverA2toA2breakA2downA2glycogenA2toA2maintainA2bl
oodA2glucoseA2levelsA2inA2theA2normalA2rangeA2ofA280A2toA2120A2mg/dl.A2
c.A2TheA2adrenalsA2secreteA2epinephrineA2andA2norepinephrineA2whenA2theA2patientA2isA2f
asting,A2whichA2stimulatesA2musclesA2toA2releaseA2glycogenA2toA2maintainA2bloodA2glucos
eA2levels.A2
,d.A2Glucocorticoids,A2suchA2asA2cortisolA2stimulateA2glycolysisA2toA2increaseA2bloodA2gluc
oseA2levels.A2-A2Ans--
D.A2Glucocorticoids,A2suchA2asA2cortisol,A2stimulateA2glycolysisA2toA2increaseA2bloodA2glu
coseA2levels.A2
BloodA2glucoseA2levelsA2areA2influencedA2byA2hormones,A2drugs,A2andA2vagusA2nerveA2ac
tivity.A2TheA2isletsA2ofA2LangerhansA2inA2theA2pancreasA2produceA2insulinA2whenA2theA2pat
ientA2feedsA2andA2glucagonA2whenA2theA2patientA2fasts.A2InA2theA2postprandialA2periodA2b
etaA2cellsA2releaseA2insulinA2toA2normalizeA2bloodA2glucoseA2levels.A2InA2theA2fastingA2stat
e,A2alphaA2cellsA2releaseA2glucagonA2toA2stimulateA2glycogenolysis,A2whichA2isA2glycogen
A2breakdown.A2EpinephrineA2andA2norepinephrineA2increaseA2glucoseA2levelsA2duringA2str
essA2byA2promotingA2catabolismA2ofA2muscleA2cellsA2forA2glycogenA2andA2adiposeA2cellsA2
forA2triglycerides.A2GlucocorticoidsA2increaseA2bloodA2glucoseA2levelsA2byA2stimulatingA2gl
uconeogenesis,A2notA2glycolysis.A2GlycolysisA2isA2theA2breakdownA2ofA2glucose.A2Glucon
eogenesisA2isA2glucoseA2formation,A2whichA2occursA2mainlyA2inA2theA2liver.A2GlycolysisA2a
ndA2gluconeogenesisA2doA2notA2occurA2atA2theA2sameA2time.
BodyA2fatA2performsA2allA2ofA2theA2followingA2except:A2
a.A2ProvidesA2aA2concentratedA2sourceA2ofA2energyA2
b.A2ProtectsA2bonesA2andA2internalA2organsA2byA2cushioningA2themA2andA2regulatingA2thei
rA2temperature.
c.A2ProvidesA2aA2sourceA2ofA2eicosapentaenoicA2(EPA)A2andA2docosahexaenoicA2(DHA)A2
essentialA2fattyA2acids.A2
d.A2AidsA2inA2absorptionA2ofA2theA2fatA2solubleA2vitaminsA2A,D,E,A2andA2K.A2-A2Ans--
C.A2ProvidesA2aA2sourceA2ofA2eicosapentaenicA2(EPA)A2andA2docosahexaenoicA2(DHA)A2
essentialA2fattyA2acids.A2
FatA2playsA2aA2veryA2importantA2roleA2inA2theA2body.A2ItA2providesA2aA2concentratedA2ener
gy,A2atA29A2kcalA2perA2gram,A2whereasA2proteinA2andA2carbohydrateA2onlyA2provideA24kcal
/
g.A2StructuralA2fatA2padsA2cushionA2andA2protectA2theA2bodyA2fromA2injury,A2especiallyA2bo
nesA2andA2internalA2organs.A2FatA2providesA2aA2sourceA2ofA2essentialA2fattyA2acids,A2whic
hA2theA2bodyA2doesA2notA2manufacture,A2butA2mostlyA2obtainA2fromA2seeds,A2oils,A2cold-
waterA2fish,A2orA2supplements.A2TheA2threeA2essentialA2fattyA2acidsA2(EFAs)A2areA2arachn
oidic,A2linoleic,A2andA2linolenic.A2EFAsA2areA2importantA2forA2bloodA2clottingA2andA2brainA2
development.A2EicosapentaenoicA2(EPA)A2andA2docosahexaenoicA2(DHA)A2deriveA2fromA
2alpha-
linolenicA2acid,A2butA2areA2notA2themselvesA2essentialA2fattyA2acids.A2FatsA2areA2alsoA2req
uiredA2forA2theA2absorptionA2ofA2theA2fat-solubleA2vitaminsA2A,D,E,A2&A2K.
WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2areA2notA2essentialA2aminoA2acids?
a.A2Lysine,A2leucine,A2valine
b.A2Isoleucine,A2tryptophan,A2phenylalanine
c.A2methionine,A2threonine,A2lysine
d.A2tyrosine,A2glycine,A2alanineA2-A2Ans--D.A2Tyrosine,A2glycine,A2alanine.A2
AminoA2acidsA2areA2theA2buildingA2blocksA2ofA2protein.A2ThereA2areA220A2aminoA2acidsA2in
A2total.A2NineA2AAA2areA2essentialA2andA2cannotA2beA2madeA2byA2theA2body:A2Isoleucine,A2
leucine,A2lysine,A2methionine,A2phenylalanine,A2threonine,A2tryptophan,A2valine,A2andA2his
,tidine.A2Often,A2adultsA2canA2synthesizeA2enoughA2histidine,A2butA2infantsA2andA2childrenA
2cannot.A2EssentialA2AAsA2mustA2beA2obtainedA2fromA2food.A2TheA2bestA2sourcesA2ofA2ess
entialA2AAsA2areA2animalA2products,A2suchA2asA2meat,A2poultry,A2fish,A2dairy,A2andA2eggs.
A2AA2dietA2containingA210%A2toA212%A2ofA2caloriesA2fromA2proteinA2shouldA2meetA2essenti
alA2AAsA2requirements.A2TheA2non-
essentialA2AAsA2areA2arginine,A2alanine,A2asparagine,A2asparticA2acid,A2cysteine,A2glutami
ne,A2glutamicA2acid,A2glycine,A2proline,A2serine,A2andA2tyrosine.
WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2statementsA2aboutA2excessiveA2proteinA2intakeA2isA2false?
a.A2ExcessiveA2proteinA2intakeA2isA2difficultA2toA2achieveA2and,A2therefore,A2isA2notA2aA2da
nger.A2
b.A2ExcessiveA2proteinA2intakeA2increasesA2calciumA2excretion,A2whichA2canA2potentiallyA2
leadA2toA2osteoporosis.A2
c.A2ExcessiveA2proteinA2inA2theA2dietA2isA2brokenA2downA2inA2theA2kidneysA2andA2excreted
A2inA2theA2urineA2asA2urea.A2
d.A2ExcessiveA2proteinA2intakeA2willA2notA2helpA2anA2athleteA2buildA2moreA2muscles,A2butA2
willA2insteadA2convertA2intoA2fat,A2ifA2itA2isA2notA2usedA2asA2anA2energyA2source.A2-A2Ans--
A.A2ExcessiveA2proteinA2intakeA2isA2difficultA2toA2achieveA2and,A2therefore,A2isA2notA2aA2da
nger.
TheA2majorityA2ofA2AmericansA2consumeA2proteinA2inA2excessA2requirements.A2ManyA2pe
opleA2consumeA2atA2leastA2twiceA2asA2muchA2asA2theyA2need.A2SomeA2excessA2proteinA2b
ecomesA2aA2calorieA2sourceA2orA2convertsA2toA2fat.A2StudiesA2demonstratedA2anA2increas
eA2inA2calciumA2excretionA2relatedA2toA2anA2increaseA2inA2proteinA2intake,A2especiallyA2ani
malA2protein,A2dueA2toA2acidifiedA2blood.A2AsA2theA2digestiveA2systemA2breaksA2downA2lar
geA2amountsA2ofA2protein,A2theA2bonesA2releaseA2calciumA2toA2neutralizeA2theA2blood.A2Ac
idifiedA2bloodA2leadsA2toA2osteoporosisA2inA2predisposedA2people.A2NormallyA2functioning
A2kidneysA2excreteA2nitrogenousA2wastesA2includingA2ureaA2derivedA2fromA2theA2breakdo
wnA2ofA2protein.A2AthletesA2oftenA2consumeA2moreA2proteinA2inA2theA2falseA2hopeA2thatA2it
A2willA2buildA2biggerA2muscles.A2ThereA2isA2noA2benefitA2toA2massiveA2proteinA2intake.A2Act
ualA2muscleA2developmentA2resultsA2formA2exercise,A2weightA2training,A2andA2properA2nut
rition.
HowA2manyA2gramsA2ofA2proteinA2areA2inA2aA2mealA2containingA26A2ouncesA2bakedA2fish,A2
1A2cupA2cookedA2pasta,A21A2cupA2steamedA2broccoli,A21A2sliceA2wholeA2wheatA2bread,A21A
2cupA2skimA2milk,A21/2cupA2slicedA2strawberries,A2andA21A2sliceA2angelA2cake?
a.A254grams
b.A266grams
c.A275gramsA2
d.A283gramsA2-A2Ans--B.A266grams
InA2theA2aboveA2meal,A2theA2proteinA2contentA2isA266grams,A2asA2follows:A2fishA242grams;
A2pastaA26grams;A2broccoliA24A2grams.A2wholeA2wheatA2breadA22A2grams;A2milkA28A2grams
;A2andA2angelA2cakeA23A2grams.A2
TheA2ADAA22007A2ChooseA2YourA2Foods:A2ExchangeA2ListsA2forA2MealA2Planning,A2offers
A2aA2quickA2wayA2toA2calculateA2theA2macronutrientA2contentA2ofA2manyA2foods:A2
-meatsA2andA2meatA2substitutesA2containA27A2gramsA2PRO/A2ounce
-starchesA2containA22A2toA23A2gramsA2ofA2PRO/A2serving
, -vegiesA2containA22A2gramsA2PRO/A2serving
-milkA2containsA28A2gramsA2perA28A2ouncesA2serving
-thereA2isA2noA2significantA2PROA2inA2fruit.A2
*checkA2servingA2sizeA2asA2portionA2sizesA2varyA2betweenA2foodA2items.
KwashiorkorA2patientsA2haveA2allA2ofA2theA2followingA2characteristicsA2except:A2
a.A2lossA2ofA2somaticA2stores
b.A2preservationA2ofA2somaticA2stores
c.A2lossA2ofA2visceralA2proteinA2stores
d.A2large,A2protrudingA2abdomenA2-A2Ans--A.A2LossA2ofA2somaticA2stores.A2
KwashiorkorA2isA2malnutritionA2forA2lackA2ofA2aminoA2acids.A2ItA2usuallyA2affectsA2weanedA
2childrenA2betweenA212monthsA2andA23A2y/
oA2inA2thirdA2worldA2countriesA2withA2famine,A2drought,A2politicalA2unrest,A2orA2traditionalA2
eatingA2habits.A2TheA2victim'sA2dietA2isA2protein-
deprived.A2MostA2caloriesA2areA2derivedA2fromA2aA2restrictedA2carbohydrateA2source,A2suc
hA2asA2cornA2orA2sugar-
water.A2KwashiorkorA2isA2uncommonA2inA2theA2US.,A2whereA2itA2usuallyA2appearsA2onlyA2i
nA2severelyA2abusedA2childrenA2andA2neglectedA2nursingA2homeA2residents.A2TheA2mainA2
characteristicsA2includeA2preservationA2ofA2somaticA2orA2fatA2storesA2andA2lossA2ofA2viscer
alA2proteinA2stores.A2TheA2signsA2andA2symptomsA2ofA2kwashiorkorA2are:A2AA2large,A2protr
udingA2belly;A2significantA2edema;A2changesA2inA2hairA2andA2skinA2pigment;A2skinA2rash;A2f
atigue;A2irritability;A2diarrhea;A2andA2decreasedA2immuneA2function.A2VictimsA2neverA2reac
hA2theirA2heightA2potential.
WhichA2descriptionA2ofA2marasmusA2isA2mostA2accurate?
a.A2StarvationA2fromA2foodA2deprivation,A2withA2aA2decreaseA2inA2somaticA2andA2visceralA2
proteinA2stores,A2butA2subcutaneousA2fatA2storesA2areA2preserved.A2
b.A2ProteinA2deprivation,A2withA2adequateA2caloriesA2fromA2carbohydratesA2andA2depletio
nA2ofA2visceralA2proteinA2stores,A2butA2preservationA2ofA2somaticA2stores.A2
c.A2SevereA2malnutrition,A2withA2lossA2ofA2subcutaneousA2fatA2andA2depletionA2ofA2muscle
A2mass,A2followedA2byA2aA2breakdownA2inA2leanA2bodyA2mass.A2
d.A2AA2formA2ofA2malnutritionA2mainlyA2seenA2inA2theA2US,A2dueA2toA2limitedA2accessA2toA2f
ood.A2-A2Ans--
C.A2SevereA2malnutrition,A2withA2lossA2ofA2subcutaneousA2fatA2andA2depletionA2ofA2muscle
A2mass,A2followedA2byA2aA2breakdownA2inA2leanA2bodyA2mass.A2
MarasmusA2isA2severeA2malnutritionA2fromA2lackA2ofA2calories.A2ItA2usuallyA2affectsA2infant
sA26A2toA218monthsA2oldA2whenA2theirA2mother'sA2breastA2milkA2failsA2andA2theyA2contractA
2chronicA2diarrheaA2fromA2pollutedA2water.A2ItA2canA2alsoA2affectA2childrenA2withA2metaboli
cA2disordersA2ofA2malabsorption.A2MarasmusA2isA2characterizedA2by:A2decreaseA2inA2som
aticA2andA2subcutaneousA2stores,A2preservationA2ofA2visceralA2proteinA2stores,A2depletion
A2ofA2leanA2bodyA2mass;A2pronouncedA2weightA2lossA2(emaciation)A2toA220%A2ofA2normalA
2forA2aA2givenA2ht;A2largeA2head;A2looseA2skin;A2intellectualA2disability;A2depression;A2andA2
failureA2toA2thrive.A2ByA2contrast,A2kwashiorkorA2affectsA2childrenA21-
3A2y/
oA2withA2depletedA2visceralA2proteinA2stores,A2butA2somaticA2andA2subcutaneousA2fatA2stor
