COMPREHENSIVE EXAM REVIEWS TRANSITION
TO RN PRACTICE 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A
◉ What are the four phases of wound healing? Answer: 1.
Hemostasis
2. Inflammation
3. Proliferation
4. Remodeling
◉ During Phase 1 (hemostasis): Answer: Clotting and growth factors
are released
◉ During Phase 2 (inflammation): Answer: Vasodilatation, increased
perfusion and capillary permeability (causes redness), chemotaxis
and cellular activity (neutrophils attack bacteria, platelets to wound
site, macrophages eat debris)
◉ During Phase 3 (proliferation) Answer: Vascular tissue restored
and granulation tissue fills deficit; fibroblasts make new collagen;
high O2 demand
,◉ During Phase 4 (remodeling): Answer: Collagen fibers strengthen;
can last 2 years; only ever reach 80% of original strength
◉ Trauma Answer: Injury/wound
◉ Venous hypertension Answer: Leaky valves allow buildup of
pressure in veins
◉ Lymphedema Answer: Swelling of extremity due to obstructed
lymph channel, nonpitting
◉ Vasculitis Answer: An inflammation of the blood vessels that
causes changes in the blood vessel walls
◉ Malignant Answer: Spreads
◉ Surgical dehiscence Answer: Wound ruptures open along incision
◉ Arterial insufficiency Answer: Slow or stop of blood flow through
the arteries
◉ Pressure ulcers occur on: Answer: Bony areas due to pressure,
friction, or shear
, ◉ Arterial ulcer Answer: A wound that won't heal due to decreased
blood flow
◉ Claudication Answer: Limping
◉ Wet gangrene Answer: Tissue necrosis associated with infection
requires emergent debridement and drainage, followed by
revascularization
◉ Dry gangrene Answer: Necrosis not invasive; doesn't produce
sepsis unless infected; revascularization performed first before
amputating
◉ Dual venous system Answer: Superficial saphrenous system and
deep venous system
◉ Venous ulcers caused by: Answer: Failure of calf muscle to pump
or valve incompetence
◉ Venous Leg Ulcer Answer: Veins dilate and leak blood and serum
into interstitial tissue; ulcers always associated with edema
◉ Sensory neuropathy Answer: Lack of sensation
TO RN PRACTICE 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A
◉ What are the four phases of wound healing? Answer: 1.
Hemostasis
2. Inflammation
3. Proliferation
4. Remodeling
◉ During Phase 1 (hemostasis): Answer: Clotting and growth factors
are released
◉ During Phase 2 (inflammation): Answer: Vasodilatation, increased
perfusion and capillary permeability (causes redness), chemotaxis
and cellular activity (neutrophils attack bacteria, platelets to wound
site, macrophages eat debris)
◉ During Phase 3 (proliferation) Answer: Vascular tissue restored
and granulation tissue fills deficit; fibroblasts make new collagen;
high O2 demand
,◉ During Phase 4 (remodeling): Answer: Collagen fibers strengthen;
can last 2 years; only ever reach 80% of original strength
◉ Trauma Answer: Injury/wound
◉ Venous hypertension Answer: Leaky valves allow buildup of
pressure in veins
◉ Lymphedema Answer: Swelling of extremity due to obstructed
lymph channel, nonpitting
◉ Vasculitis Answer: An inflammation of the blood vessels that
causes changes in the blood vessel walls
◉ Malignant Answer: Spreads
◉ Surgical dehiscence Answer: Wound ruptures open along incision
◉ Arterial insufficiency Answer: Slow or stop of blood flow through
the arteries
◉ Pressure ulcers occur on: Answer: Bony areas due to pressure,
friction, or shear
, ◉ Arterial ulcer Answer: A wound that won't heal due to decreased
blood flow
◉ Claudication Answer: Limping
◉ Wet gangrene Answer: Tissue necrosis associated with infection
requires emergent debridement and drainage, followed by
revascularization
◉ Dry gangrene Answer: Necrosis not invasive; doesn't produce
sepsis unless infected; revascularization performed first before
amputating
◉ Dual venous system Answer: Superficial saphrenous system and
deep venous system
◉ Venous ulcers caused by: Answer: Failure of calf muscle to pump
or valve incompetence
◉ Venous Leg Ulcer Answer: Veins dilate and leak blood and serum
into interstitial tissue; ulcers always associated with edema
◉ Sensory neuropathy Answer: Lack of sensation
