COMPREHENSIVE EXAM REVIEWS TRANSITION
TO RN PRACTICE 2026 TEST PAPER SOLVED
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ What are the burn phases? Answer: 1. Emergent- Pain response;
catecholomine release (adrenaline)
2. Fluid Shift- Fluid and proteins shift; lasts 18-24hrs (reaches peak
6-8hrs)
3. Hypermetabolic- Lasts days to weeks; increased nutrients needed;
influx of vascular space fluid=sweating
4. Resolution- Scarring
◉ Jackson's Theory of Thermal Wounds includes: Answer: 1. Zone of
coagulation
2. Zone of stasis
3. Zone of hyperemia
◉ Zone of Coagulation Answer: Area in a burn nearest the heat
source that suffers the most damage (as evidenced by clotted blood
and thrombosed blood vessels); irreversible tissue loss
,◉ Zone of Stasis Answer: Area surrounding zone of coagulation
characterized by decreased blood flow; decrease tissue perfusion;
potentially salvageable
◉ Zone of Hyperemia Answer: Peripheral area around burn that has
increased blood flow
◉ Thermal injuries include: Answer: Scalds, flames, contact
◉ First degree burn Answer: Superficial; redness; epidermis in tact
◉ Second degree burn (superficial partial thickness) Answer:
Blistering, wet, shiny
◉ Third degree burn Answer: Epidermis, dermis, subQ; pain
receptors destroyed; red, white, black surface; autographing
required
◉ Fourth degree burn Answer: Deep structure destruction-muscle,
bone, no pain; charring visible; amputation likely
◉ Second degree burn (deep partial thickness) Answer: Blistering
rare; pink/white appearance
, ◉ The greatest fluid loss from a burn occurs in: Answer: Th first
24hrs
◉ Rule of 9s Answer: Assesses the percentage of burn and is used to
help guide treatment decisions
Head - 9%
Back - 18%
Chest - 18%
Arm - 9%
Leg - 9%
Genitals - 1%
◉ Escharotomy Answer: Removal of burn scar tissue
◉ Fasciotomy Answer: Incision into fascia
◉ A chronic wound means it has not: Answer: Gone through the
proper healing process
◉ How does bacteria effect chronic wound healing? Answer:
Competes for nutrients and O2, releases enzymes that break down
protein, and
TO RN PRACTICE 2026 TEST PAPER SOLVED
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ What are the burn phases? Answer: 1. Emergent- Pain response;
catecholomine release (adrenaline)
2. Fluid Shift- Fluid and proteins shift; lasts 18-24hrs (reaches peak
6-8hrs)
3. Hypermetabolic- Lasts days to weeks; increased nutrients needed;
influx of vascular space fluid=sweating
4. Resolution- Scarring
◉ Jackson's Theory of Thermal Wounds includes: Answer: 1. Zone of
coagulation
2. Zone of stasis
3. Zone of hyperemia
◉ Zone of Coagulation Answer: Area in a burn nearest the heat
source that suffers the most damage (as evidenced by clotted blood
and thrombosed blood vessels); irreversible tissue loss
,◉ Zone of Stasis Answer: Area surrounding zone of coagulation
characterized by decreased blood flow; decrease tissue perfusion;
potentially salvageable
◉ Zone of Hyperemia Answer: Peripheral area around burn that has
increased blood flow
◉ Thermal injuries include: Answer: Scalds, flames, contact
◉ First degree burn Answer: Superficial; redness; epidermis in tact
◉ Second degree burn (superficial partial thickness) Answer:
Blistering, wet, shiny
◉ Third degree burn Answer: Epidermis, dermis, subQ; pain
receptors destroyed; red, white, black surface; autographing
required
◉ Fourth degree burn Answer: Deep structure destruction-muscle,
bone, no pain; charring visible; amputation likely
◉ Second degree burn (deep partial thickness) Answer: Blistering
rare; pink/white appearance
, ◉ The greatest fluid loss from a burn occurs in: Answer: Th first
24hrs
◉ Rule of 9s Answer: Assesses the percentage of burn and is used to
help guide treatment decisions
Head - 9%
Back - 18%
Chest - 18%
Arm - 9%
Leg - 9%
Genitals - 1%
◉ Escharotomy Answer: Removal of burn scar tissue
◉ Fasciotomy Answer: Incision into fascia
◉ A chronic wound means it has not: Answer: Gone through the
proper healing process
◉ How does bacteria effect chronic wound healing? Answer:
Competes for nutrients and O2, releases enzymes that break down
protein, and
