BPT CLINICAL; INTERNAL MEDICINE
INTENSIVE THERAPY, EMERGENCY
MEDICINE, TOXICOLOGY & ACID-BASE
DISORDERS EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND
100% CORRECT AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
• 1
INT - 15.1
The current 2015 European Resuscitation Council (ERC)
adult Basic Life Support (BLS) guideline advises the
procedures in the following order:
A) unresponsive – no pulse detected – resuscitation/emergency
team contacted – 30 chest compressions – 2 breaths, 30 chest
compressions
B) unresponsive – call for help – secure the airway – no
breathing detected – resuscitation/emergency team contacted –
30 chest compressions – 2 breaths, 30 chest compressions
C) unresponsive – call for help – secure the airway – no
breathing detected – resuscitation/emergency team alerted – 15
chest compressions – 2 breaths, 15 chest compressions
D) unresponsive – call for help – secure the airway – no
,breathing detected – resuscitation/emergency team alerted – 2
breaths, 30 compressions – 2 breaths, 30 compressions
B) unresponsive – call for help – secure the airway – no
breathing detected – resuscitation/emergency team contacted –
30 chest compressions – 2 breaths, 30 chest compressions
Outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation depends on the
several links of the chain of survival. The first link is detecting
cardiac arrest and calling for help. When assessing for signs of
cardiac arrest the carotid pulse is not a reliable indicator. Also
assessing breathing with unresponsive patients might be difficult
for untrained helpers as well as medical personnel. The reason
for this is that after cardiac arrest patients can continue to gasp
for minutes in a much as 40% of the cases. Because of this
CPR should be started if the patient is unresponsive and has no
breathing or has gasping. Most adult cardiac arrests are of
cardiac origin, therefor CPR should be started with chest
compressions, rather than supplying breaths. No time should be
wasted with looking for airway blockage, unless the supplied
breaths do not produce adequate chest movements.
• 2
INT - 15.2
The current 2015 European Resuscitation Council (ERC)
adult Basic Life Support (BLS) guideline permits cessation
,of chest compressions if the following occurs:
A) the defibrillator is charging
B) pulse is detected
C) the patient start moving, breathing, opens eyes
D) if the AED does not advise shock
C) the patient start moving, breathing, opens eyes
Chest compressions started in time and performed with the least
possible interruptions significantly improve outcome during
CPR. Because of this chest compressions should be continued
even during the charging of the defibrillator and resumed right
after defibrillation. If performed this way, interruption is less than
5 seconds. The person performing the compressions is not in
danger, especially if wearing protective gloves. Feeling the lack
of the carotid (or any other) pulse is not a reliable sign of cardiac
and respiratory arrest. The AED only advises shock if a
shockable rhythm (VF or pulseless VT) is detected, if a non-
shockable rhythm is detected (be it compatible with normal
circulation or not like asystole or PEA), a shock will not be
advised. According to this, compressions should be ceased if
the patients starts moving, breathing or opens eyes, which could
all mark the return of spontaneous circulation.
• 3
, INT - 15.3
Which of the following statements is false regarding chest
compressions (according to the 2015 European
Resuscitation Council Adult Basic Life Support guideline)?
A) optimal frequency of chest compressions is 100-120/min
B) depth of compressions should be 5-6 cm in adults
C) position of chest compressions: middle of the chest, lower
half of sternum
D) CPR providers should be changed over after 5 minutes,
because fatigue decreases compression quality
D) CPR providers should be changed over after 5 minutes,
because fatigue decreases compression quality
A-B-C statements refer to the parameters and actions found to
be the most hemodynamically effective in human studies.
Fatigue however is present in most CPR providers after only 2
minutes, therefor if possible, a changeover is advised after 2
minutes. The changeover should not result in the interruption of
chest compressions.
• 4
INT - 15.4
The following are all part of the 2015 European
Resuscitation Council (ERC) adult Advanced Life Support
guideline, except for one:
INTENSIVE THERAPY, EMERGENCY
MEDICINE, TOXICOLOGY & ACID-BASE
DISORDERS EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND
100% CORRECT AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
• 1
INT - 15.1
The current 2015 European Resuscitation Council (ERC)
adult Basic Life Support (BLS) guideline advises the
procedures in the following order:
A) unresponsive – no pulse detected – resuscitation/emergency
team contacted – 30 chest compressions – 2 breaths, 30 chest
compressions
B) unresponsive – call for help – secure the airway – no
breathing detected – resuscitation/emergency team contacted –
30 chest compressions – 2 breaths, 30 chest compressions
C) unresponsive – call for help – secure the airway – no
breathing detected – resuscitation/emergency team alerted – 15
chest compressions – 2 breaths, 15 chest compressions
D) unresponsive – call for help – secure the airway – no
,breathing detected – resuscitation/emergency team alerted – 2
breaths, 30 compressions – 2 breaths, 30 compressions
B) unresponsive – call for help – secure the airway – no
breathing detected – resuscitation/emergency team contacted –
30 chest compressions – 2 breaths, 30 chest compressions
Outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation depends on the
several links of the chain of survival. The first link is detecting
cardiac arrest and calling for help. When assessing for signs of
cardiac arrest the carotid pulse is not a reliable indicator. Also
assessing breathing with unresponsive patients might be difficult
for untrained helpers as well as medical personnel. The reason
for this is that after cardiac arrest patients can continue to gasp
for minutes in a much as 40% of the cases. Because of this
CPR should be started if the patient is unresponsive and has no
breathing or has gasping. Most adult cardiac arrests are of
cardiac origin, therefor CPR should be started with chest
compressions, rather than supplying breaths. No time should be
wasted with looking for airway blockage, unless the supplied
breaths do not produce adequate chest movements.
• 2
INT - 15.2
The current 2015 European Resuscitation Council (ERC)
adult Basic Life Support (BLS) guideline permits cessation
,of chest compressions if the following occurs:
A) the defibrillator is charging
B) pulse is detected
C) the patient start moving, breathing, opens eyes
D) if the AED does not advise shock
C) the patient start moving, breathing, opens eyes
Chest compressions started in time and performed with the least
possible interruptions significantly improve outcome during
CPR. Because of this chest compressions should be continued
even during the charging of the defibrillator and resumed right
after defibrillation. If performed this way, interruption is less than
5 seconds. The person performing the compressions is not in
danger, especially if wearing protective gloves. Feeling the lack
of the carotid (or any other) pulse is not a reliable sign of cardiac
and respiratory arrest. The AED only advises shock if a
shockable rhythm (VF or pulseless VT) is detected, if a non-
shockable rhythm is detected (be it compatible with normal
circulation or not like asystole or PEA), a shock will not be
advised. According to this, compressions should be ceased if
the patients starts moving, breathing or opens eyes, which could
all mark the return of spontaneous circulation.
• 3
, INT - 15.3
Which of the following statements is false regarding chest
compressions (according to the 2015 European
Resuscitation Council Adult Basic Life Support guideline)?
A) optimal frequency of chest compressions is 100-120/min
B) depth of compressions should be 5-6 cm in adults
C) position of chest compressions: middle of the chest, lower
half of sternum
D) CPR providers should be changed over after 5 minutes,
because fatigue decreases compression quality
D) CPR providers should be changed over after 5 minutes,
because fatigue decreases compression quality
A-B-C statements refer to the parameters and actions found to
be the most hemodynamically effective in human studies.
Fatigue however is present in most CPR providers after only 2
minutes, therefor if possible, a changeover is advised after 2
minutes. The changeover should not result in the interruption of
chest compressions.
• 4
INT - 15.4
The following are all part of the 2015 European
Resuscitation Council (ERC) adult Advanced Life Support
guideline, except for one:
