UWO BIO 212 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Specialized cells and receptors transmit _____ energy. - Answers - environmental
Internal sensory reception - Answers - - blood pressure, osmolality, pH, position/balance
signals : subconscious brain (brain stem, hypothalamus)
external sensory reception - Answers - - Light/vision, sound/hearing, smell/olfaction,
taste/gustation, somatosensation/touch
- Signals -> conscious brain (cortex)
Chemorecptors - Answers - respond to chemicals (taste, smell, CO2, pH)
Thermoreceptors - Answers - respond to changes in temperature
Mechanoreceptors - Answers - respond to touch, pressure, vibration, stretch, and itch
Photoreceptors - Answers - respond to light
Nociceptors - Answers - pain receptors
Proprioceptor - Answers - allows for delicate muscle and tendon movements
Cutaneous receptors - Answers - nerve receptors in the skin that respond to pressure,
temperature, or pain
Tonic receptors - Answers - continuous AP as long as stimulus is present
Phasic recptors - Answers - burst of AP when the stimulus is first applied, then gradually
decreases.
sensory adaptation - Answers - diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant
stimulation
What senses are considered phasic? - Answers - smell
What senses are considered tonic? - Answers - taste, vision, hearing
Strength above threshold determines ________ of the action potential (AP) - Answers -
the frequency
What is the function of the thalamus? - Answers - sensory relay station. smell is the only
sense that bypasses the thalamus
The thalamus acts as a _____ center for MOST senses. - Answers - relay
, Ionotropic - Answers - cause direct opening of ion channels (stretch or ligand-gated
typically)
Ionotropic signals are typically ____ to start, and last for a _____ time. - Answers -
quick, short
Metabotropic - Answers - chemical binds to GPCR (G-protein coupled receptors)
Metabotropic signals are typically ____ to start and last for a ____ time. - Answers -
slow, longer
What type of cell is the sensory cell for the skin? - Answers - specialized neuron
Ruffini endings - Answers - respond to sustained pressure
Merkel's disks - Answers - touch receptor that responds to light touch and pressure
Meissner's corpuscles - Answers - senses texture, vibration
Pacinian corpuscles - Answers - respond to deep pressure and vibration
Touch causes opening of _________ gated ion channels then which cause
depolarization - Answers - stretch
Some are _____ in touch, such as Meissner's and Pacinian corpuscles - Answers -
phasic
Some are ____ in touch, such as merkel's discs, ruffini endings - Answers - tonic
receptive field - Answers - area of skin that, when stimulated, changes the firing rate of
a neuron
two-point touch threshold - Answers - the minimum distance at which two points of
touch are just perceptible as separate
Lateral inhibition - Answers - The pattern of interaction among neurons in the visual
system in which activity in one neuron inhibits adjacent neurons' responses.
The tongue senses ______ via the taste buds - Answers - tastants
What type of sensory cell is for gustation (taste)? - Answers - modified epithelium
Taste is more _____ than ____. - Answers - tonic than phasic
Specialized cells and receptors transmit _____ energy. - Answers - environmental
Internal sensory reception - Answers - - blood pressure, osmolality, pH, position/balance
signals : subconscious brain (brain stem, hypothalamus)
external sensory reception - Answers - - Light/vision, sound/hearing, smell/olfaction,
taste/gustation, somatosensation/touch
- Signals -> conscious brain (cortex)
Chemorecptors - Answers - respond to chemicals (taste, smell, CO2, pH)
Thermoreceptors - Answers - respond to changes in temperature
Mechanoreceptors - Answers - respond to touch, pressure, vibration, stretch, and itch
Photoreceptors - Answers - respond to light
Nociceptors - Answers - pain receptors
Proprioceptor - Answers - allows for delicate muscle and tendon movements
Cutaneous receptors - Answers - nerve receptors in the skin that respond to pressure,
temperature, or pain
Tonic receptors - Answers - continuous AP as long as stimulus is present
Phasic recptors - Answers - burst of AP when the stimulus is first applied, then gradually
decreases.
sensory adaptation - Answers - diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant
stimulation
What senses are considered phasic? - Answers - smell
What senses are considered tonic? - Answers - taste, vision, hearing
Strength above threshold determines ________ of the action potential (AP) - Answers -
the frequency
What is the function of the thalamus? - Answers - sensory relay station. smell is the only
sense that bypasses the thalamus
The thalamus acts as a _____ center for MOST senses. - Answers - relay
, Ionotropic - Answers - cause direct opening of ion channels (stretch or ligand-gated
typically)
Ionotropic signals are typically ____ to start, and last for a _____ time. - Answers -
quick, short
Metabotropic - Answers - chemical binds to GPCR (G-protein coupled receptors)
Metabotropic signals are typically ____ to start and last for a ____ time. - Answers -
slow, longer
What type of cell is the sensory cell for the skin? - Answers - specialized neuron
Ruffini endings - Answers - respond to sustained pressure
Merkel's disks - Answers - touch receptor that responds to light touch and pressure
Meissner's corpuscles - Answers - senses texture, vibration
Pacinian corpuscles - Answers - respond to deep pressure and vibration
Touch causes opening of _________ gated ion channels then which cause
depolarization - Answers - stretch
Some are _____ in touch, such as Meissner's and Pacinian corpuscles - Answers -
phasic
Some are ____ in touch, such as merkel's discs, ruffini endings - Answers - tonic
receptive field - Answers - area of skin that, when stimulated, changes the firing rate of
a neuron
two-point touch threshold - Answers - the minimum distance at which two points of
touch are just perceptible as separate
Lateral inhibition - Answers - The pattern of interaction among neurons in the visual
system in which activity in one neuron inhibits adjacent neurons' responses.
The tongue senses ______ via the taste buds - Answers - tastants
What type of sensory cell is for gustation (taste)? - Answers - modified epithelium
Taste is more _____ than ____. - Answers - tonic than phasic
