BIOL 212 EXAM 1 SDSU QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Cytology - Answers - the study of cells
What can cells do? - Answers - 1. Concentrate needed molecules
2. Expel waste
3. Synthesize large molecules with complex functions
4. Generate, store, and use energy for metabolic purposes
5. Move
Diseases usually begin at the _______ level - Answers - Cellular
Germ/gametes - Answers - Sex cells, sperm & egg
Somatic cell - Answers - Cells of the body
Cytosol - Answers - Intracellular fluid (ICF)
Cytoplasm - Answers - Made up of cytosol and organelles
Extracellular fluid - Answers - Usually a watery fluid (such as interstitial fluid)
-It is the matrix of connective tissue
-Little intercellular space in some tissues
-Provides medium
Plasma Membrane - Answers - -Surrounds every cell
-Separates cell contents from its surroundings (separates ICF from ECF)
-Controls movement of molecules into and out of cell (selectively permeable surface)
Functions of the plasma membrane - Answers - -Physical isolation of cell contents from
the extracellular fluid
-Sensitivity to changes in the extracellular fluid
-Structural support of the cell (depending on the cell)
-Regulation of exchange of materials between the cell and the extracellular fluid
Cholesterol - Answers - Contributes to fluidity and stability of cell membrane
Proteins - Answers - lowers levels of lipids in the membrane
Carbohydrates - Answers - Only found on the outer surface of the membrane
Structure of phospholipid molecule - Answers - A negatively charged, polar, hydrophilic
head and two fatty acid tails that are uncharged and hydrophobic. One tail consists of
saturated fats and is straight whilst the other is unsaturated and bent
, Only _________ substances are able to pass the phospholipid bilayer - Answers - Lipid
soluble
Water soluble molecules must pass the bilayer through ______ channels - Answers -
integral protein
glyco- = - Answers - carbo- = sugar
Passive process - Answers - No ATP used by cell, is concentration dependent (high ->
low concentration until system reaches equilibrium)
Active process - Answers - ATP use is required, not concentration dependent
Diffusion - Answers - Substance moves from higher concentration to lower
concentration by way of kinetic (thermal) energy. A type of passive process
Facilitated diffusion - Answers - Lipid-insoluble substances helped by membrane carrier
proteins (like a swinging door) down a concentration gradient. Passive process
Osmosis - Answers - Movement of water molecules across a membrane -> high H2O
concentration to low H2O concentration. Passive process
Filtration - Answers - Dissolved solutes (and water) moved across a membrane by
external mechanical forces (gravity, hydrostatic (blood pressure). Passive process
Active transport - Answers - Substances transported via membrane carrier protein
usually against concentration gradient. ATP is used
Endocytosis - Answers - Cell membrane engulfs (wraps around) a molecule, organism,
etc. It forms a vesicle by pinching off and bringing the vesicle within. It is independent of
concentration gradient
Exocytosis - Answers - Substances (secretion/waste/etc.) transported via vesicle
(membrane-bound bubble). It fuses to membrane and opens to outside. Independent of
concentration gradient
Sagittal plane - Answers - Divides the body into left and right sections
Midsagittal plane - Answers - Divides the body into equal right and left sections
Parasagittal plane - Answers - Divides the body into unequal right and left sections
Frontal (coronal) plane - Answers - Divides body into anterior and posterior sections
Horizontal (transverse) plane - Answers - Divides the body into superior and inferior
sections
Cytology - Answers - the study of cells
What can cells do? - Answers - 1. Concentrate needed molecules
2. Expel waste
3. Synthesize large molecules with complex functions
4. Generate, store, and use energy for metabolic purposes
5. Move
Diseases usually begin at the _______ level - Answers - Cellular
Germ/gametes - Answers - Sex cells, sperm & egg
Somatic cell - Answers - Cells of the body
Cytosol - Answers - Intracellular fluid (ICF)
Cytoplasm - Answers - Made up of cytosol and organelles
Extracellular fluid - Answers - Usually a watery fluid (such as interstitial fluid)
-It is the matrix of connective tissue
-Little intercellular space in some tissues
-Provides medium
Plasma Membrane - Answers - -Surrounds every cell
-Separates cell contents from its surroundings (separates ICF from ECF)
-Controls movement of molecules into and out of cell (selectively permeable surface)
Functions of the plasma membrane - Answers - -Physical isolation of cell contents from
the extracellular fluid
-Sensitivity to changes in the extracellular fluid
-Structural support of the cell (depending on the cell)
-Regulation of exchange of materials between the cell and the extracellular fluid
Cholesterol - Answers - Contributes to fluidity and stability of cell membrane
Proteins - Answers - lowers levels of lipids in the membrane
Carbohydrates - Answers - Only found on the outer surface of the membrane
Structure of phospholipid molecule - Answers - A negatively charged, polar, hydrophilic
head and two fatty acid tails that are uncharged and hydrophobic. One tail consists of
saturated fats and is straight whilst the other is unsaturated and bent
, Only _________ substances are able to pass the phospholipid bilayer - Answers - Lipid
soluble
Water soluble molecules must pass the bilayer through ______ channels - Answers -
integral protein
glyco- = - Answers - carbo- = sugar
Passive process - Answers - No ATP used by cell, is concentration dependent (high ->
low concentration until system reaches equilibrium)
Active process - Answers - ATP use is required, not concentration dependent
Diffusion - Answers - Substance moves from higher concentration to lower
concentration by way of kinetic (thermal) energy. A type of passive process
Facilitated diffusion - Answers - Lipid-insoluble substances helped by membrane carrier
proteins (like a swinging door) down a concentration gradient. Passive process
Osmosis - Answers - Movement of water molecules across a membrane -> high H2O
concentration to low H2O concentration. Passive process
Filtration - Answers - Dissolved solutes (and water) moved across a membrane by
external mechanical forces (gravity, hydrostatic (blood pressure). Passive process
Active transport - Answers - Substances transported via membrane carrier protein
usually against concentration gradient. ATP is used
Endocytosis - Answers - Cell membrane engulfs (wraps around) a molecule, organism,
etc. It forms a vesicle by pinching off and bringing the vesicle within. It is independent of
concentration gradient
Exocytosis - Answers - Substances (secretion/waste/etc.) transported via vesicle
(membrane-bound bubble). It fuses to membrane and opens to outside. Independent of
concentration gradient
Sagittal plane - Answers - Divides the body into left and right sections
Midsagittal plane - Answers - Divides the body into equal right and left sections
Parasagittal plane - Answers - Divides the body into unequal right and left sections
Frontal (coronal) plane - Answers - Divides body into anterior and posterior sections
Horizontal (transverse) plane - Answers - Divides the body into superior and inferior
sections
