Integrated Cardiopulmonary Pharmacology (questions and answers)
What effect does prostacyclin cause? - ANSWER Vasodilation
What does nitric oxide increase in the left ventricle? - ANSWER Preload
What does an increase in SVR indicate for the left ventricle? - ANSWER Increased Afterload
What happens when blood vessels dilate and receive more volume? - ANSWER Increase in Compliance
Which system regulates the balance of airways and blood vessels? - ANSWER Autonomic nervous system
What effect does endothelin cause? - ANSWER Vasoconstriction
What occurs due to the presence of nitric oxide? - ANSWER Vasodilation
What is expected with a drop in blood pressure? - ANSWER Decreased total peripheral resistance
What allows a vessel to increase blood volume? - ANSWER Compliance
What type of vessels are capacitance vessels? - ANSWER Systemic veins
What are the main resistance vessels? - ANSWER Arterioles
What is the best treatment method for hypertension? - ANSWER Diet and exercise
,What is the initial therapy for a hypertensive patient without symptoms? - ANSWER Lifestyle
modification
Which condition is not associated with untreated hypertension? - ANSWER Prostatic hypertrophy
What are baroreceptors also known as? - ANSWER Stretch receptors
How is cardiac output determined? - ANSWER By multiplying HR and SV
What can cause hypertension in some patients? - ANSWER Potassium retention and defective
baroreceptors
What does administering a direct-acting alpha2-agonist do? - ANSWER Blocks the release of NE
Which medication can treat nicotine withdrawal? - ANSWER Clonidine
Which medication can also treat nicotine withdrawal besides hypertension? - ANSWER Catapres®
Which of the following is an alpha1-blocker? - ANSWER Cardura®
What happens upon stimulation of the alpha2-receptor? - ANSWER Prevention of the release of NE
What is the result of alpha1-stimulation? - ANSWER Vasoconstriction
Which of the following is not a sympatholytic agent? - ANSWER Salmeterol
,What is the suffix associated with beta blockers? - ANSWER -Lol
When should caution be used with beta blockers? - ANSWER In patients with insulin-dependent diabetes
Which diuretics lower pulmonary vascular resistance? - ANSWER Loop diuretics
Which diuretic class is chosen to spare calcium? - ANSWER Thiazides
Which diuretic should be given to a hypokalemic patient? - ANSWER Aldactone®
What type of diuretic is Inspra®? - ANSWER Potassium-sparing diuretics
What can occur due to inadequate renal function after ACE inhibitor administration? - ANSWER
Hyperkalemia
What effect does angiotensin II have? - ANSWER Vasoconstriction
Which of the following is not an ACE inhibitor? - ANSWER Verapamil
Where is angiotensin I converted to angiotensin II? - ANSWER Lungs
Which vasodilator is associated with hypertrichosis? - ANSWER Minoxidil
Which medication is not given in a hypertensive crisis? - ANSWER Diovan®
, What is the effect of cardiotonic agents? - ANSWER Increased HR, blood pressure, and cardiac
contraction except vasoconstriction.
Which patients are at risk for thrombosis? - ANSWER Patients with a history of thrombosis.
How can heparin not be administered? - ANSWER Orally.
Which medication is considered a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)? - ANSWER Lovenox.
Which anticoagulant is classified as a LMWH? - ANSWER Enoxaparin.
What type of medication prevents future clotting? - ANSWER Anticoagulant.
What side effects should be monitored in patients receiving warfarin? - ANSWER I & III (Blood in urine or
stool, Petechiae).
Which anticoagulant must be given via the parenteral route? - ANSWER Heparin.
What lab tests facilitate dosage changes for heparin? - ANSWER PTT lab tests.
What direct thrombin inhibitors can be assessed using point-of-care testing (ACT)? - ANSWER Angiomax.
What is required for a clot to form in the presence of thrombin? - ANSWER Fibrinogen.
Which agents help inhibit the release of thromboplastin? - ANSWER Antiplatelets.
What effect does prostacyclin cause? - ANSWER Vasodilation
What does nitric oxide increase in the left ventricle? - ANSWER Preload
What does an increase in SVR indicate for the left ventricle? - ANSWER Increased Afterload
What happens when blood vessels dilate and receive more volume? - ANSWER Increase in Compliance
Which system regulates the balance of airways and blood vessels? - ANSWER Autonomic nervous system
What effect does endothelin cause? - ANSWER Vasoconstriction
What occurs due to the presence of nitric oxide? - ANSWER Vasodilation
What is expected with a drop in blood pressure? - ANSWER Decreased total peripheral resistance
What allows a vessel to increase blood volume? - ANSWER Compliance
What type of vessels are capacitance vessels? - ANSWER Systemic veins
What are the main resistance vessels? - ANSWER Arterioles
What is the best treatment method for hypertension? - ANSWER Diet and exercise
,What is the initial therapy for a hypertensive patient without symptoms? - ANSWER Lifestyle
modification
Which condition is not associated with untreated hypertension? - ANSWER Prostatic hypertrophy
What are baroreceptors also known as? - ANSWER Stretch receptors
How is cardiac output determined? - ANSWER By multiplying HR and SV
What can cause hypertension in some patients? - ANSWER Potassium retention and defective
baroreceptors
What does administering a direct-acting alpha2-agonist do? - ANSWER Blocks the release of NE
Which medication can treat nicotine withdrawal? - ANSWER Clonidine
Which medication can also treat nicotine withdrawal besides hypertension? - ANSWER Catapres®
Which of the following is an alpha1-blocker? - ANSWER Cardura®
What happens upon stimulation of the alpha2-receptor? - ANSWER Prevention of the release of NE
What is the result of alpha1-stimulation? - ANSWER Vasoconstriction
Which of the following is not a sympatholytic agent? - ANSWER Salmeterol
,What is the suffix associated with beta blockers? - ANSWER -Lol
When should caution be used with beta blockers? - ANSWER In patients with insulin-dependent diabetes
Which diuretics lower pulmonary vascular resistance? - ANSWER Loop diuretics
Which diuretic class is chosen to spare calcium? - ANSWER Thiazides
Which diuretic should be given to a hypokalemic patient? - ANSWER Aldactone®
What type of diuretic is Inspra®? - ANSWER Potassium-sparing diuretics
What can occur due to inadequate renal function after ACE inhibitor administration? - ANSWER
Hyperkalemia
What effect does angiotensin II have? - ANSWER Vasoconstriction
Which of the following is not an ACE inhibitor? - ANSWER Verapamil
Where is angiotensin I converted to angiotensin II? - ANSWER Lungs
Which vasodilator is associated with hypertrichosis? - ANSWER Minoxidil
Which medication is not given in a hypertensive crisis? - ANSWER Diovan®
, What is the effect of cardiotonic agents? - ANSWER Increased HR, blood pressure, and cardiac
contraction except vasoconstriction.
Which patients are at risk for thrombosis? - ANSWER Patients with a history of thrombosis.
How can heparin not be administered? - ANSWER Orally.
Which medication is considered a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)? - ANSWER Lovenox.
Which anticoagulant is classified as a LMWH? - ANSWER Enoxaparin.
What type of medication prevents future clotting? - ANSWER Anticoagulant.
What side effects should be monitored in patients receiving warfarin? - ANSWER I & III (Blood in urine or
stool, Petechiae).
Which anticoagulant must be given via the parenteral route? - ANSWER Heparin.
What lab tests facilitate dosage changes for heparin? - ANSWER PTT lab tests.
What direct thrombin inhibitors can be assessed using point-of-care testing (ACT)? - ANSWER Angiomax.
What is required for a clot to form in the presence of thrombin? - ANSWER Fibrinogen.
Which agents help inhibit the release of thromboplastin? - ANSWER Antiplatelets.
