BSNC 3000 MIDTERM (MODULE 1-6) | 148 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | WITH ACTUAL SOLUTION.
ambulatory surgery Answer - includes outpatient, same-day, or short-stay
surgery that does not require an overnight hospital stay
what is included in a CBC? Answer - hematocrit, hemoglobin, red cell count,
white cell count, platelet count.
What does NPO stand for and what does it mean? Answer - nil per os (nothing
by mouth)
Why are pt NPO before surgery Answer - dec risk of aspiration
- dec gastric volume and acidity
carb loading pre-op Answer - 2-4hr before
fasted -> fed
dec post-op insulin resistance, thirst, hunger, anxiety, nausea, and muscle
protein loss
what does ERAS stand for? Answer - Enhanced Recovery After Surgery
balanced anesthesia Answer - the practice of using combinations of different
drug classes rather than a single drug to produce anesthesia
- reduce total dose of one -> dec side effects
,Stages of General Anesthesia Answer - induction, maintenance, recovery
- maintenance at stage 3 (sk muscle relaxation) = safe
Types of general anesthesia Answer - IV, inhaled gases and volatile liquids
IV GA Answer - propofol
midazolam
ketamine
*induction mainly (rapid, but short duration)
used for maintenance too
inhaled gases GA Answer - nitrous oxide
*no muscle relaxation
volatile liquids GA Answer - deflurane
sevoflurane
*maintenance mainly (slower but more predictable)
used in induction too
adverse effects of GA Answer - respiratory depression, unable to maintain
airway
hypotension, dysrhythmias
urinary retention, n/v
, hypothermia, malignant hyperthermia
spinal anesthesia Answer - regional anesthesia produced by injecting
medication into the subarachnoid space
- L3/4/5
- greater effect in lower extremities/pelvis
epidural anesthesia Answer - regional anesthesia produced by injecting
medication into the epidural space
- does not cross dura mater
- affects spinal nerves nearby
- any level of spinal cord
peripheral nerve block Answer - regional anesthesia into specific nerve or
nerve plexus (e.g. brachial plexus)
local anesthesia Answer - causes the loss of sensation in a limited area by
injecting an anesthetic solution near that area
- blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels -> inhibits AP generation and propagation
- fewer adverse effects (bc not systemic)
e.g. lidocaine or bupivacaine
post dural puncture headache Answer - Caused by a leakage of CSF after spinal
surgery.
Increased pressure on the brain by a decrease of fluid surrounding your brain.
More present when standing versus laying down
AND ANSWERS | WITH ACTUAL SOLUTION.
ambulatory surgery Answer - includes outpatient, same-day, or short-stay
surgery that does not require an overnight hospital stay
what is included in a CBC? Answer - hematocrit, hemoglobin, red cell count,
white cell count, platelet count.
What does NPO stand for and what does it mean? Answer - nil per os (nothing
by mouth)
Why are pt NPO before surgery Answer - dec risk of aspiration
- dec gastric volume and acidity
carb loading pre-op Answer - 2-4hr before
fasted -> fed
dec post-op insulin resistance, thirst, hunger, anxiety, nausea, and muscle
protein loss
what does ERAS stand for? Answer - Enhanced Recovery After Surgery
balanced anesthesia Answer - the practice of using combinations of different
drug classes rather than a single drug to produce anesthesia
- reduce total dose of one -> dec side effects
,Stages of General Anesthesia Answer - induction, maintenance, recovery
- maintenance at stage 3 (sk muscle relaxation) = safe
Types of general anesthesia Answer - IV, inhaled gases and volatile liquids
IV GA Answer - propofol
midazolam
ketamine
*induction mainly (rapid, but short duration)
used for maintenance too
inhaled gases GA Answer - nitrous oxide
*no muscle relaxation
volatile liquids GA Answer - deflurane
sevoflurane
*maintenance mainly (slower but more predictable)
used in induction too
adverse effects of GA Answer - respiratory depression, unable to maintain
airway
hypotension, dysrhythmias
urinary retention, n/v
, hypothermia, malignant hyperthermia
spinal anesthesia Answer - regional anesthesia produced by injecting
medication into the subarachnoid space
- L3/4/5
- greater effect in lower extremities/pelvis
epidural anesthesia Answer - regional anesthesia produced by injecting
medication into the epidural space
- does not cross dura mater
- affects spinal nerves nearby
- any level of spinal cord
peripheral nerve block Answer - regional anesthesia into specific nerve or
nerve plexus (e.g. brachial plexus)
local anesthesia Answer - causes the loss of sensation in a limited area by
injecting an anesthetic solution near that area
- blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels -> inhibits AP generation and propagation
- fewer adverse effects (bc not systemic)
e.g. lidocaine or bupivacaine
post dural puncture headache Answer - Caused by a leakage of CSF after spinal
surgery.
Increased pressure on the brain by a decrease of fluid surrounding your brain.
More present when standing versus laying down
