HNF 150 Exam 2 Alaimo Practice
Questions with All Correct Answers
Rated A+.
What are the Fat-Soluble vitamins? - Answer ADEK!!!!
- Vitamins A,D,E and K
What are the Water-soluble vitamins? - Answer Vitamin C, and the B vitamins: Thiamin,
Riboflavin, Niacin, Folate, B12, B6, Biotin, and Pantothenic acid.
What are the B vitamins? - Answer Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Folate, B12, B6, Biotin, and
Pantothenic acid.
Which type of vitamin tends to be more toxic? - Answer Fat-soluble vitamins are more likely
to be toxic. Toxicity generally comes from over supplementation, not food.
How are fat-soluble vitamins digested, absorbed, and stored in the body? - Answer -
Digestion: by bile and pancreatic enzymes
- Absorbed in the small intestine , packaged for transport through the lymphatic system.
- Stored in liver and adipose tissues, not excreted.
How are water-soluble vitamins digested, absorbed, and stored in the body? - Answer -
Digested with the help of stomach proteins
- absorbed early in the small intestine, goes through the liver and into the bloodstream
- Very small amounts stored in body tissues and organs, excess is excreted out through the
kidneys in urine.
What are Vitamin D's main functions? - Answer 1. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone necessary
for calcium absorption, and it regulates calcium level in blood.
2. Helps regulate phosphorus levels in blood.
3. Assists in bone metabolism
4. Aids in immune system and secretion of hormones.
What are required for Vitamin D to have it's positive effect on bones? - Answer Adequate
amounts of calcium and phosphorus.
What are the classic Vitamin D deficiency disease(s)? - Answer - Rickets (in children)
,- Osteomalacia (adults)
- Osteoporosis (older adults)
What is Rickets and what are it's symptoms? - Answer The Vitamin D deficiency disease that
affects children. Causes failure of cartilage in bones to mineralize.
Symptoms include:
- Soft bones
- enlargement of ends of longbones
- growth retardation
What is Osteomalacia and what are it's symptoms? - Answer The Vitamin D deficiency
disease that affect adults, characterized by high bone turnover and impaired bone
mineralization.
Symptoms include:
- Soft bones
- compressed spinal cord
- fractures
What is Osteoporosis and what are its symptoms? - Answer The Vitamin D deficiency disease
that affects older adults, characterized by lower peak bone mass or even actual bone LOSS.
Weakened bone strength causes falls and fractures.
What are risk factors for Vitamin D deficiency? - Answer - low calcium intake
- not enough exposure to sunlight
- fat malabsorption syndromes
- kidney disease
- Having darker skin or living in more Northern latitudes
How much Vitamin D is toxic, and what can happen if you ingest toxic levels? - Answer -
Upper Level: 100mg/day
- Regular intake of 5-10x the RDA can be toxic
- ONLY from supplementation, not food or too much sun.
Signs/ Symptoms:
- Calcium deposits in soft tissues (heart, kidneys)
- Kidney stones ^
- Hardening of blood vessels, hypertension.
, What are the food sources of Vitamin D? - Answer - Fatty fishes
- Fortified Milk
- cereals and juices
- some shrooms
Which vitamin is NOT considered an essential nutrient because we can produce it from
adequate exposure to sunlight? - Answer Vitamin D
How much sun exposure do you need to meet your bodie's Vitamin D requirements? - Answer
- 10-15min, 2-3 times a week for pale skin
- 30+ min, 2-3 times a week for darker skin
What are the 2 forms of Vitamin D? - Answer - D3 (more active)
- D2 (less active)
we get both from our diets.
What are the 2 forms of Vitamin K? - Answer K1 (phylloquinones)
- produced by chloroplasts
- found in green vegetables, beans, seeds and seed oils.
K2 ( Menaquinones)
- synthesized by bacteria in the colon
- found in fermented foods
What are the functions of Vitamin K? - Answer 1. Blood Clotting
2. Bone and teeth metabolism
Can Vitamin K be toxic? - Answer There is NO upper level so technically no.
Vitamin K deficiencies - Answer Deficiency is very rare, there are no classic diseases.
- Newborns are given a Vit K injection within 6 hours of birth.
- Long term antibiotic use can affect Vit K synthesis
- Impaired fat absorption can cause deficiencies.
What are the food sources for Vitamin K? - Answer - Green, leafy vegetables
- Fermented foods
Questions with All Correct Answers
Rated A+.
What are the Fat-Soluble vitamins? - Answer ADEK!!!!
- Vitamins A,D,E and K
What are the Water-soluble vitamins? - Answer Vitamin C, and the B vitamins: Thiamin,
Riboflavin, Niacin, Folate, B12, B6, Biotin, and Pantothenic acid.
What are the B vitamins? - Answer Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Folate, B12, B6, Biotin, and
Pantothenic acid.
Which type of vitamin tends to be more toxic? - Answer Fat-soluble vitamins are more likely
to be toxic. Toxicity generally comes from over supplementation, not food.
How are fat-soluble vitamins digested, absorbed, and stored in the body? - Answer -
Digestion: by bile and pancreatic enzymes
- Absorbed in the small intestine , packaged for transport through the lymphatic system.
- Stored in liver and adipose tissues, not excreted.
How are water-soluble vitamins digested, absorbed, and stored in the body? - Answer -
Digested with the help of stomach proteins
- absorbed early in the small intestine, goes through the liver and into the bloodstream
- Very small amounts stored in body tissues and organs, excess is excreted out through the
kidneys in urine.
What are Vitamin D's main functions? - Answer 1. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone necessary
for calcium absorption, and it regulates calcium level in blood.
2. Helps regulate phosphorus levels in blood.
3. Assists in bone metabolism
4. Aids in immune system and secretion of hormones.
What are required for Vitamin D to have it's positive effect on bones? - Answer Adequate
amounts of calcium and phosphorus.
What are the classic Vitamin D deficiency disease(s)? - Answer - Rickets (in children)
,- Osteomalacia (adults)
- Osteoporosis (older adults)
What is Rickets and what are it's symptoms? - Answer The Vitamin D deficiency disease that
affects children. Causes failure of cartilage in bones to mineralize.
Symptoms include:
- Soft bones
- enlargement of ends of longbones
- growth retardation
What is Osteomalacia and what are it's symptoms? - Answer The Vitamin D deficiency
disease that affect adults, characterized by high bone turnover and impaired bone
mineralization.
Symptoms include:
- Soft bones
- compressed spinal cord
- fractures
What is Osteoporosis and what are its symptoms? - Answer The Vitamin D deficiency disease
that affects older adults, characterized by lower peak bone mass or even actual bone LOSS.
Weakened bone strength causes falls and fractures.
What are risk factors for Vitamin D deficiency? - Answer - low calcium intake
- not enough exposure to sunlight
- fat malabsorption syndromes
- kidney disease
- Having darker skin or living in more Northern latitudes
How much Vitamin D is toxic, and what can happen if you ingest toxic levels? - Answer -
Upper Level: 100mg/day
- Regular intake of 5-10x the RDA can be toxic
- ONLY from supplementation, not food or too much sun.
Signs/ Symptoms:
- Calcium deposits in soft tissues (heart, kidneys)
- Kidney stones ^
- Hardening of blood vessels, hypertension.
, What are the food sources of Vitamin D? - Answer - Fatty fishes
- Fortified Milk
- cereals and juices
- some shrooms
Which vitamin is NOT considered an essential nutrient because we can produce it from
adequate exposure to sunlight? - Answer Vitamin D
How much sun exposure do you need to meet your bodie's Vitamin D requirements? - Answer
- 10-15min, 2-3 times a week for pale skin
- 30+ min, 2-3 times a week for darker skin
What are the 2 forms of Vitamin D? - Answer - D3 (more active)
- D2 (less active)
we get both from our diets.
What are the 2 forms of Vitamin K? - Answer K1 (phylloquinones)
- produced by chloroplasts
- found in green vegetables, beans, seeds and seed oils.
K2 ( Menaquinones)
- synthesized by bacteria in the colon
- found in fermented foods
What are the functions of Vitamin K? - Answer 1. Blood Clotting
2. Bone and teeth metabolism
Can Vitamin K be toxic? - Answer There is NO upper level so technically no.
Vitamin K deficiencies - Answer Deficiency is very rare, there are no classic diseases.
- Newborns are given a Vit K injection within 6 hours of birth.
- Long term antibiotic use can affect Vit K synthesis
- Impaired fat absorption can cause deficiencies.
What are the food sources for Vitamin K? - Answer - Green, leafy vegetables
- Fermented foods
