HNF-150 Week 10 Study Guide
Questions and Answers.
Be able to state the three components of the body's energy expenditure and how much each
contributes to energy expenditure. - Answer -Basal Metabolic Rate: 50-65%
-The sum total of all involuntary activities that are necessary for life, EXCEPT digestion and
voluntary activities.
-Thermic Effect of Food: 5-10%
-Increase in BMR due to eating.
-Voluntary Activities: 25-50%
-Intentional activities (walking, sitting, biking, etc.)
Describe the roles of BMR and other factors in determining an individual's daily energy needs. -
Answer Controlled by hormone produced by the thyroid gland.
-->Thyroxine
Determinants:
-Age
-Height
-Growth
-Body composition
-Fever
-Stress
-Environmental temperature
-Fasting/Starvation
-Malnutrition
Discuss the potential impact of "outside the body/environmental" factors on weight-control
efforts. - Answer -External cues to overeating: Not hungry but once you see food, you want
it.
-Loneliness, yearning, craving, addiction/compulsion, stress, time of day, comfort foods.. etc.
, -Food pricing, availability and advertising: high calorie foods are usually inexpensive and
available.
Physical inactivity: some people may be obese not because they eat too much but because they
move too little.
Describe the set point theory, thermogenesis, the settling zone, and the function of leptin in the
body. - Answer Set Point Theory: (Body's Thermostat).
-Human body tries to maintain its weight within a preferred range.
Thermogenesis:
-The generation and release of body heat when food is broken down into energy.
Ex: Body is hot/cold or during times of underfeeding/overfeeding.
The Settling Zone:
-The range our body wants to be in based on environmental factors; influenced by genetics +
environment.
Leptin:
-Produced by adipose tissue.
-Appetite suppressing hormone produced in fat cells.
-Stimulates energy expenditures.
-Signals hypothalamus to decrease food intake.
-Operates on feedback mechanism.
State the health risks associated with low and very high BMIs, different types of body fat
distribution, and the health benefit of cardiovascular fitness and healthy eating. - Answer -
Lower BMI: Greater risk of underweight.
-Higher BMI: Greater risk for obesity.
Body Fat Distribution:
Android (apple): high visceral fat.
Higher risk:
-hypertension
-diabetes
-CVD
Questions and Answers.
Be able to state the three components of the body's energy expenditure and how much each
contributes to energy expenditure. - Answer -Basal Metabolic Rate: 50-65%
-The sum total of all involuntary activities that are necessary for life, EXCEPT digestion and
voluntary activities.
-Thermic Effect of Food: 5-10%
-Increase in BMR due to eating.
-Voluntary Activities: 25-50%
-Intentional activities (walking, sitting, biking, etc.)
Describe the roles of BMR and other factors in determining an individual's daily energy needs. -
Answer Controlled by hormone produced by the thyroid gland.
-->Thyroxine
Determinants:
-Age
-Height
-Growth
-Body composition
-Fever
-Stress
-Environmental temperature
-Fasting/Starvation
-Malnutrition
Discuss the potential impact of "outside the body/environmental" factors on weight-control
efforts. - Answer -External cues to overeating: Not hungry but once you see food, you want
it.
-Loneliness, yearning, craving, addiction/compulsion, stress, time of day, comfort foods.. etc.
, -Food pricing, availability and advertising: high calorie foods are usually inexpensive and
available.
Physical inactivity: some people may be obese not because they eat too much but because they
move too little.
Describe the set point theory, thermogenesis, the settling zone, and the function of leptin in the
body. - Answer Set Point Theory: (Body's Thermostat).
-Human body tries to maintain its weight within a preferred range.
Thermogenesis:
-The generation and release of body heat when food is broken down into energy.
Ex: Body is hot/cold or during times of underfeeding/overfeeding.
The Settling Zone:
-The range our body wants to be in based on environmental factors; influenced by genetics +
environment.
Leptin:
-Produced by adipose tissue.
-Appetite suppressing hormone produced in fat cells.
-Stimulates energy expenditures.
-Signals hypothalamus to decrease food intake.
-Operates on feedback mechanism.
State the health risks associated with low and very high BMIs, different types of body fat
distribution, and the health benefit of cardiovascular fitness and healthy eating. - Answer -
Lower BMI: Greater risk of underweight.
-Higher BMI: Greater risk for obesity.
Body Fat Distribution:
Android (apple): high visceral fat.
Higher risk:
-hypertension
-diabetes
-CVD
