MSU HNF 150 Pregnancy,
Breastfeeding and Feeding Kids
Questions and Answers.
why a nutritionally adequate diet is important long before a pregnancy is established and
identify important nutritional considerations. - Answer -Before a woman becomes pregnant,
she must develop eating habits that will optimally nourish the growing fetus and herself.
-The woman must be well nourished at the outset because the embryo undergoes rapid
developmental changes that depend on good nutrition.
-Women want to make sure to be at a healthy weight so they can support the growth of a baby
and avoid having a baby with low birth weight.
special nutritional needs of a pregnant teenager as compared to a pregnant adult. - Answer
Teens have a hard time meeting their own nutrient needs. Many pregnant teens will be
deficient in Vitamin B 12, Vitamin D, folate and iron. They are also more likely to smoke which
can cause low birth weight or infant death. Pregnant teens are encouraged to gain 35 pounds
during pregnancy. They have higher nutrient needs.
calcium intake requirement for pregnant woman - Answer Calcium intake requirement does
not increase during pregnancy - the mother's body adapts (over 19 years old - RDA is 1000 mg,
under 19 - 1300 mg)
Intestinal absorption increases during early pregnancy
Be able to identify the requirements during pregnancy in terms of energy, protein,
carbohydrates, fat, folate, calcium, iron, and zinc, i.e., are they higher or the same? - Answer
Everything increases during pregnancy except calcium, Vit D, Vit K, phosphorous and fluoride
requirements stay the same. 300 calories more per day during 2nd and 3rd trimester; 0 more
calories during first trimester; iron and folate increase
What are "critical periods" during pregnancy and why is nutrition particularly important during
those times? - Answer -windows of organ formation where the body needs a specific
nutrient, cannot be reversed
-Nutrients and energy are important during this time because they are key for organ
development.
List common food intake difficulties during pregnancy and recommendations for alleviating
symptoms - Answer -Women have cravings and aversions during pregnancy due to changes
in taste and sensitivities (could be a result of nutritional deficiency)
-Pica: when women eat nonfood items -morning sickness- arise slowly, eat dry toast/crackers,
gum or hard candies, small frequent meals, avoid offensive odors
, recommendations for physical activity during pregnancy - Answer speak to their healthcare
provider - modifications to activity: loose joints & balance, impact risks, heart rate, overheating
- HYDRATE!!
Describe Low birth weight: definition, causes, and prevention - Answer <5.5 lbs -
premature/full-term
Causes - Poor nutrition status, genetic status, genetics, disease conditions, smoking, alcohol,
drug use, multiples
Prevention-Be at a healthy weight before/during pregnancy
Evaluate the statement that "no level of alcoholic beverage intake is safe or advisable during
pregnancy" - Answer -Alcohol can halt the oxygen delivery to the baby, slow cell division,
cause brain damage, interfere with transfer of nutrients through the placenta, and can damage
sperm and ovum.
-Fetal Alcohol syndrome can lead to irreversible brain damage, growth and mental retardation,
facial abnormalities, vision abnormalities, low apgar score
fetal alcohol syndrome (FASD) - Answer causes irreversible brain damage, Growth
retardation, Mental retardation, Facial abnormalities, Vision abnormalities, Low Apgar Score
neural tube defect - Answer A group of nervous system abnormalities caused by interruption
of the normal early development of the neural tube
spina bifida - Answer common neural tube defect, vertebrae of spine fail to close around the
spinal cord, leaving it unprotected, folate helps prevent this
Placenta - Answer The organ of pregnancy in which maternal and fetal blood circulate in
close proximity and exchange nutrients and oxygen (flowing into the fetus) and wastes (picked
up by the mother's blood)
High risk pregnancy - Answer a pregnancy characterized by risk factors that make it likely the
birth will be surrounded by problems such as premature delivery, difficult birth, retarded
growth, birth defects, and early infant death
List the benefits of breastfeeding for both mom and baby, including economic benefits - Answer
-Infant: appropriate balance of nutrients, get hormones for physiologic development, improve
cognitive development, protects against infection, protects against chronic diseases and food
allergies
Breastfeeding and Feeding Kids
Questions and Answers.
why a nutritionally adequate diet is important long before a pregnancy is established and
identify important nutritional considerations. - Answer -Before a woman becomes pregnant,
she must develop eating habits that will optimally nourish the growing fetus and herself.
-The woman must be well nourished at the outset because the embryo undergoes rapid
developmental changes that depend on good nutrition.
-Women want to make sure to be at a healthy weight so they can support the growth of a baby
and avoid having a baby with low birth weight.
special nutritional needs of a pregnant teenager as compared to a pregnant adult. - Answer
Teens have a hard time meeting their own nutrient needs. Many pregnant teens will be
deficient in Vitamin B 12, Vitamin D, folate and iron. They are also more likely to smoke which
can cause low birth weight or infant death. Pregnant teens are encouraged to gain 35 pounds
during pregnancy. They have higher nutrient needs.
calcium intake requirement for pregnant woman - Answer Calcium intake requirement does
not increase during pregnancy - the mother's body adapts (over 19 years old - RDA is 1000 mg,
under 19 - 1300 mg)
Intestinal absorption increases during early pregnancy
Be able to identify the requirements during pregnancy in terms of energy, protein,
carbohydrates, fat, folate, calcium, iron, and zinc, i.e., are they higher or the same? - Answer
Everything increases during pregnancy except calcium, Vit D, Vit K, phosphorous and fluoride
requirements stay the same. 300 calories more per day during 2nd and 3rd trimester; 0 more
calories during first trimester; iron and folate increase
What are "critical periods" during pregnancy and why is nutrition particularly important during
those times? - Answer -windows of organ formation where the body needs a specific
nutrient, cannot be reversed
-Nutrients and energy are important during this time because they are key for organ
development.
List common food intake difficulties during pregnancy and recommendations for alleviating
symptoms - Answer -Women have cravings and aversions during pregnancy due to changes
in taste and sensitivities (could be a result of nutritional deficiency)
-Pica: when women eat nonfood items -morning sickness- arise slowly, eat dry toast/crackers,
gum or hard candies, small frequent meals, avoid offensive odors
, recommendations for physical activity during pregnancy - Answer speak to their healthcare
provider - modifications to activity: loose joints & balance, impact risks, heart rate, overheating
- HYDRATE!!
Describe Low birth weight: definition, causes, and prevention - Answer <5.5 lbs -
premature/full-term
Causes - Poor nutrition status, genetic status, genetics, disease conditions, smoking, alcohol,
drug use, multiples
Prevention-Be at a healthy weight before/during pregnancy
Evaluate the statement that "no level of alcoholic beverage intake is safe or advisable during
pregnancy" - Answer -Alcohol can halt the oxygen delivery to the baby, slow cell division,
cause brain damage, interfere with transfer of nutrients through the placenta, and can damage
sperm and ovum.
-Fetal Alcohol syndrome can lead to irreversible brain damage, growth and mental retardation,
facial abnormalities, vision abnormalities, low apgar score
fetal alcohol syndrome (FASD) - Answer causes irreversible brain damage, Growth
retardation, Mental retardation, Facial abnormalities, Vision abnormalities, Low Apgar Score
neural tube defect - Answer A group of nervous system abnormalities caused by interruption
of the normal early development of the neural tube
spina bifida - Answer common neural tube defect, vertebrae of spine fail to close around the
spinal cord, leaving it unprotected, folate helps prevent this
Placenta - Answer The organ of pregnancy in which maternal and fetal blood circulate in
close proximity and exchange nutrients and oxygen (flowing into the fetus) and wastes (picked
up by the mother's blood)
High risk pregnancy - Answer a pregnancy characterized by risk factors that make it likely the
birth will be surrounded by problems such as premature delivery, difficult birth, retarded
growth, birth defects, and early infant death
List the benefits of breastfeeding for both mom and baby, including economic benefits - Answer
-Infant: appropriate balance of nutrients, get hormones for physiologic development, improve
cognitive development, protects against infection, protects against chronic diseases and food
allergies
