BIO 106 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS & VALID
CORRECT ANSWERS PASSED
Compare potential and kinetic energy - Correct Answer ✔✔ Kinetic energy:
•Energy of motion
(Water going over a waterfall)
•Mechanical
Potential energy:
•Stored energy
•Chemical energy
(The food we eat)
Describe the first and second laws of thermodynamics - Correct Answer ✔✔ First Law:
•Law of conservation of energy
•energy can be changed from one form to another but CANNOT be created or
destroyed
•Most energy dissipates as heat
Second Law:
•Law of entropy
•When energy changes from one form to another, there is a loss of energy that is
available to do work
•Energy is 100% efficient
Examine how the organization and structure of living organisms are related to heat and
entropy - Correct Answer ✔✔ When conversion of energy occurs it loses 60% of its
heat energy. Entropy is related because through energy transformations, more entropy
is increased because less energy is available to do useful work.
Explain how the ATP cycle involves both endergonic and exergonic reactions - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Endergonic: requires an input of energy to occur
Exergonic: spontaneous and release energy rather than using it
Describe how energy is stored in a molecule of ATP - Correct Answer ✔✔ Energy is
stored in ATP by ADP and a third phosphate combined
Examine how cells use ATP to drive energetically unfavorable reactions - Correct
Answer ✔✔ ATP breakdown is coupled to the energy-requiring reaction so that both the
energetically unfavorable and the favorable reactions occur in the same place
, Explain the purpose of a metabolic pathway and how enzymes help regulate it - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Each step (reaction) in a metabolic pathway requires an enzyme (unique &
specific), the end product won't be formed unless ALL enzymes are present and
functional
Recognize how enzymes influence the activation energy and rates of a chemical
reaction - Correct Answer ✔✔ By lowering energy of activation, it allows reactions to
occur under mild conditions whereas with energy of activation it needs more energy
need for chemical reactions to occur. Lowering it then allows more reactions to occur
frequently
Distinguish between conditions and factors that affect an enzymes rate of reaction -
Correct Answer ✔✔ Substrate Concentration: Enzyme activity increases with substrate
concentration due to more frequent collisions between substrate molecules and the
enzyme
Temperature: Enzyme activity increases with temp. However, hot temps can denature
and destroy enzymes
PH: Most enzymes are optimized for a particular pH
Explain how the reactions for photosynthesis and cellular respiration represent
oxidation-reduction reactions - Correct Answer ✔✔ Photosynthesis: Hydrogen atoms
are transferred from water to carbon dioxide as glucose forms, reducing carbon dioxide
and oxidizing water
Cellular Respiration: Glucose oxidized (lost H atoms) and oxygen reduced (gained H
atoms) as oxygen is consumed to produce carbon dioxide
Summarize the relationship between the metabolic reactions of photosynthesis and
cellular respiration - Correct Answer ✔✔ They're the reverse of eachother
Explain how autotrophs are able to produce their own food - Correct Answer ✔✔
Autotrophs: produce their own food by Photosynthesis:
•A process that captures solar energy
•Transforms solar energy into chemical energy
•Energy ends up stored in a carbohydrate
Describe the components of a chloroplast - Correct Answer ✔✔ 1. thylakoid: A flattened
membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy.
2. grana: A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function
in the light reactions of photosynthesis, stacks of thylakoids
CORRECT ANSWERS PASSED
Compare potential and kinetic energy - Correct Answer ✔✔ Kinetic energy:
•Energy of motion
(Water going over a waterfall)
•Mechanical
Potential energy:
•Stored energy
•Chemical energy
(The food we eat)
Describe the first and second laws of thermodynamics - Correct Answer ✔✔ First Law:
•Law of conservation of energy
•energy can be changed from one form to another but CANNOT be created or
destroyed
•Most energy dissipates as heat
Second Law:
•Law of entropy
•When energy changes from one form to another, there is a loss of energy that is
available to do work
•Energy is 100% efficient
Examine how the organization and structure of living organisms are related to heat and
entropy - Correct Answer ✔✔ When conversion of energy occurs it loses 60% of its
heat energy. Entropy is related because through energy transformations, more entropy
is increased because less energy is available to do useful work.
Explain how the ATP cycle involves both endergonic and exergonic reactions - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Endergonic: requires an input of energy to occur
Exergonic: spontaneous and release energy rather than using it
Describe how energy is stored in a molecule of ATP - Correct Answer ✔✔ Energy is
stored in ATP by ADP and a third phosphate combined
Examine how cells use ATP to drive energetically unfavorable reactions - Correct
Answer ✔✔ ATP breakdown is coupled to the energy-requiring reaction so that both the
energetically unfavorable and the favorable reactions occur in the same place
, Explain the purpose of a metabolic pathway and how enzymes help regulate it - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Each step (reaction) in a metabolic pathway requires an enzyme (unique &
specific), the end product won't be formed unless ALL enzymes are present and
functional
Recognize how enzymes influence the activation energy and rates of a chemical
reaction - Correct Answer ✔✔ By lowering energy of activation, it allows reactions to
occur under mild conditions whereas with energy of activation it needs more energy
need for chemical reactions to occur. Lowering it then allows more reactions to occur
frequently
Distinguish between conditions and factors that affect an enzymes rate of reaction -
Correct Answer ✔✔ Substrate Concentration: Enzyme activity increases with substrate
concentration due to more frequent collisions between substrate molecules and the
enzyme
Temperature: Enzyme activity increases with temp. However, hot temps can denature
and destroy enzymes
PH: Most enzymes are optimized for a particular pH
Explain how the reactions for photosynthesis and cellular respiration represent
oxidation-reduction reactions - Correct Answer ✔✔ Photosynthesis: Hydrogen atoms
are transferred from water to carbon dioxide as glucose forms, reducing carbon dioxide
and oxidizing water
Cellular Respiration: Glucose oxidized (lost H atoms) and oxygen reduced (gained H
atoms) as oxygen is consumed to produce carbon dioxide
Summarize the relationship between the metabolic reactions of photosynthesis and
cellular respiration - Correct Answer ✔✔ They're the reverse of eachother
Explain how autotrophs are able to produce their own food - Correct Answer ✔✔
Autotrophs: produce their own food by Photosynthesis:
•A process that captures solar energy
•Transforms solar energy into chemical energy
•Energy ends up stored in a carbohydrate
Describe the components of a chloroplast - Correct Answer ✔✔ 1. thylakoid: A flattened
membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy.
2. grana: A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast. Grana function
in the light reactions of photosynthesis, stacks of thylakoids
