NUR 2243 Exam 2 Questions & Answers Test
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS |2026|
ELABORATED &DETAILED ANSWERS!!
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Terms in this set (137)
A nurse assesses a client with ANS: A
diabetes mellitus who is admitted This client has metabolic acidosis. The respiratory
with an acid-base imbalance. The system compensates by increasing its activity and
clients arterial blood gas values are blowing off excess carbon dioxide. Increased
pH 7.36, PaO2 98 mm Hg, PaCO2 urinary output, thirst, and hunger are
33 mm Hg, and HCO3 18 mEq/L. manifestations of hyperglycemia but are not
Which manifestation should the compensatory mechanisms for acid-base
nurse identify as an example of the imbalances. The kidneys do not release acids
clients compensation mechanism?
a. Increased rate and depth of
respirations
b. Increased urinary output
c. Increased thirst and hunger
d. Increased release of acids from
the kidneys
,A nurse assesses a client who is ANS: A
experiencing an acid-base Early cardiovascular changes for a client
imbalance. The clients arterial experiencing moderate acidosis include
blood gas values are pH 7.34, PaO2 increased heart rate and cardiac output. As the
88 mm Hg, PaCO2 38 mm Hg, and acidosis worsens, the heart rate decreases and
HCO3 19 mEq/L. Which assessment electrocardiographic changes will be present.
should the nurse perform first? Central nervous system and neuromuscular
a. Cardiac rate and rhythm system changes do not occur with mild acidosis
b. Skin and mucous membranes and should be monitored if the acidosis worsens.
c. Musculoskeletal strength Skin and mucous membrane assessment is not a
d. Level of orientation priority now, but will change as acidosis worsens.
A nurse assesses a client who is ANS: D
prescribed furosemide (Lasix) for Many diuretics, especially loop diuretics, increase
hypertension. For which acid-base the excretion of hydrogen ions, leading to excess
imbalance should the nurse assess acid loss through the renal system. This situation
to prevent complications of this is an acid deficit of metabolic origin.
therapy?
a. Respiratory acidosis
b. Respiratory alkalosis
c. Metabolic acidosis
d. Metabolic alkalosis
A nurse is caring for a client who is ANS: D
experiencing moderate metabolic The priority nursing care for a client who is
alkalosis. Which action should the experiencing moderate metabolic alkalosis is
nurse take? providing client safety. Clients with metabolic
a. Monitor daily hemoglobin and alkalosis have muscle weakness and are at risk for
hematocrit values. falling. The other nursing interventions are not
b. Administer furosemide (Lasix) appropriate for metabolic alkalosis
intravenously.
c. Encourage the client to take
deep breaths.
d. Teach the client fall prevention
measures.
,A nurse assesses a client who is ANS: A
admitted with an acid-base Progressive skeletal muscle weakness is
imbalance. The clients arterial associated with increasing severity of acidosis.
blood gas values are pH 7.32, PaO2 Muscle weakness can lead to severe respiratory
85 mm Hg, PaCO2 34 mm Hg, and insufficiency. Acidosis does lead to dysrhythmias
HCO3 16 mEq/L. What action (due to hyperkalemia), but these would best be
should the nurse take next? assessed with cardiac monitoring. Findings
a. Assess clients rate, rhythm, and should be documented, but simply continuing to
depth of respiration. monitor is not sufficient. Before notifying the
b. Measure the clients pulse and physician, the nurse must have more data to
blood pressure. report
c. Document the findings and
continue to monitor.
d. Notify the physician as soon as
possible.
A nurse is caring for a client who ANS: B
has the following arterial blood Arterial blood gas values indicate that the client
values: pH 7.12, PaO2 56 mm Hg, has acidosis with normal levels of bicarbonate,
PaCO2 65 mm Hg, and HCO3 22 suggesting that the problem is not metabolic.
mEq/L. Which clinical situation Arterial concentrations of oxygen and carbon
should the nurse correlate with dioxide are abnormal, with low oxygen and high
these values? carbon dioxide levels. Thus, this client has
a. Diabetic ketoacidosis in a person respiratory acidosis from inadequate gas
with emphysema exchange. The fact that the bicarbonate level is
b. Bronchial obstruction related to normal indicates that this is an acute respiratory
aspiration of a hot dog problem rather than a chronic problem, because
c. Anxiety-induced hyperventilation no renal compensation has occurred.
in an adolescent
d. Diarrhea for 36 hours in an older,
frail woman
, A nurse is caring for a client who ANS: A
has just experienced a 90-second The client has experienced a combination of
tonic-clonic seizure. The clients metabolic and acute respiratory acidosis through
arterial blood gas values are pH heavy skeletal muscle contractions and no gas
6.88, PaO2 50 mm Hg, PaCO2 60 exchange. When the seizures have stopped and
mm Hg, and HCO3 22 mEq/L. the client can breathe again, the fastest way to
Which action should the nurse take return acid-base balance is to administer oxygen.
first? Applying a paper bag over the clients nose and
a. Apply oxygen by mask or nasal mouth would worsen the acidosis. Sodium
cannula. bicarbonate should not be administered because
b. Apply a paper bag over the the clients arterial bicarbonate level is normal.
clients nose and mouth. Glucose and insulin are administered together to
c. Administer 50 mL of sodium decrease serum potassium levels. This action is
bicarbonate intravenously. not appropriate based on the information
d. Administer 50 mL of 20% glucose provided
and 20 units of regular insulin.
After teaching a client who was ANS: B
malnourished and is being Starvation or a diet with too few carbohydrates
discharged, a nurse assesses the can lead to metabolic acidosis by forcing cells to
clients understanding. Which switch to using fats for fuel and by creating
statement indicates the client ketoacids as a by-product of excessive fat
correctly understood teaching to metabolism. Eating sufficient calories from all
decrease risk for the development food groups helps reduce this risk.
of metabolic acidosis?
a. I will drink at least three glasses
of milk each day.
b. I will eat three well-balanced
meals and a snack daily.
c. I will not take pain medication
and antihistamines together.
d. I will avoid salting my food when
cooking or during meals.
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS |2026|
ELABORATED &DETAILED ANSWERS!!
Save
Terms in this set (137)
A nurse assesses a client with ANS: A
diabetes mellitus who is admitted This client has metabolic acidosis. The respiratory
with an acid-base imbalance. The system compensates by increasing its activity and
clients arterial blood gas values are blowing off excess carbon dioxide. Increased
pH 7.36, PaO2 98 mm Hg, PaCO2 urinary output, thirst, and hunger are
33 mm Hg, and HCO3 18 mEq/L. manifestations of hyperglycemia but are not
Which manifestation should the compensatory mechanisms for acid-base
nurse identify as an example of the imbalances. The kidneys do not release acids
clients compensation mechanism?
a. Increased rate and depth of
respirations
b. Increased urinary output
c. Increased thirst and hunger
d. Increased release of acids from
the kidneys
,A nurse assesses a client who is ANS: A
experiencing an acid-base Early cardiovascular changes for a client
imbalance. The clients arterial experiencing moderate acidosis include
blood gas values are pH 7.34, PaO2 increased heart rate and cardiac output. As the
88 mm Hg, PaCO2 38 mm Hg, and acidosis worsens, the heart rate decreases and
HCO3 19 mEq/L. Which assessment electrocardiographic changes will be present.
should the nurse perform first? Central nervous system and neuromuscular
a. Cardiac rate and rhythm system changes do not occur with mild acidosis
b. Skin and mucous membranes and should be monitored if the acidosis worsens.
c. Musculoskeletal strength Skin and mucous membrane assessment is not a
d. Level of orientation priority now, but will change as acidosis worsens.
A nurse assesses a client who is ANS: D
prescribed furosemide (Lasix) for Many diuretics, especially loop diuretics, increase
hypertension. For which acid-base the excretion of hydrogen ions, leading to excess
imbalance should the nurse assess acid loss through the renal system. This situation
to prevent complications of this is an acid deficit of metabolic origin.
therapy?
a. Respiratory acidosis
b. Respiratory alkalosis
c. Metabolic acidosis
d. Metabolic alkalosis
A nurse is caring for a client who is ANS: D
experiencing moderate metabolic The priority nursing care for a client who is
alkalosis. Which action should the experiencing moderate metabolic alkalosis is
nurse take? providing client safety. Clients with metabolic
a. Monitor daily hemoglobin and alkalosis have muscle weakness and are at risk for
hematocrit values. falling. The other nursing interventions are not
b. Administer furosemide (Lasix) appropriate for metabolic alkalosis
intravenously.
c. Encourage the client to take
deep breaths.
d. Teach the client fall prevention
measures.
,A nurse assesses a client who is ANS: A
admitted with an acid-base Progressive skeletal muscle weakness is
imbalance. The clients arterial associated with increasing severity of acidosis.
blood gas values are pH 7.32, PaO2 Muscle weakness can lead to severe respiratory
85 mm Hg, PaCO2 34 mm Hg, and insufficiency. Acidosis does lead to dysrhythmias
HCO3 16 mEq/L. What action (due to hyperkalemia), but these would best be
should the nurse take next? assessed with cardiac monitoring. Findings
a. Assess clients rate, rhythm, and should be documented, but simply continuing to
depth of respiration. monitor is not sufficient. Before notifying the
b. Measure the clients pulse and physician, the nurse must have more data to
blood pressure. report
c. Document the findings and
continue to monitor.
d. Notify the physician as soon as
possible.
A nurse is caring for a client who ANS: B
has the following arterial blood Arterial blood gas values indicate that the client
values: pH 7.12, PaO2 56 mm Hg, has acidosis with normal levels of bicarbonate,
PaCO2 65 mm Hg, and HCO3 22 suggesting that the problem is not metabolic.
mEq/L. Which clinical situation Arterial concentrations of oxygen and carbon
should the nurse correlate with dioxide are abnormal, with low oxygen and high
these values? carbon dioxide levels. Thus, this client has
a. Diabetic ketoacidosis in a person respiratory acidosis from inadequate gas
with emphysema exchange. The fact that the bicarbonate level is
b. Bronchial obstruction related to normal indicates that this is an acute respiratory
aspiration of a hot dog problem rather than a chronic problem, because
c. Anxiety-induced hyperventilation no renal compensation has occurred.
in an adolescent
d. Diarrhea for 36 hours in an older,
frail woman
, A nurse is caring for a client who ANS: A
has just experienced a 90-second The client has experienced a combination of
tonic-clonic seizure. The clients metabolic and acute respiratory acidosis through
arterial blood gas values are pH heavy skeletal muscle contractions and no gas
6.88, PaO2 50 mm Hg, PaCO2 60 exchange. When the seizures have stopped and
mm Hg, and HCO3 22 mEq/L. the client can breathe again, the fastest way to
Which action should the nurse take return acid-base balance is to administer oxygen.
first? Applying a paper bag over the clients nose and
a. Apply oxygen by mask or nasal mouth would worsen the acidosis. Sodium
cannula. bicarbonate should not be administered because
b. Apply a paper bag over the the clients arterial bicarbonate level is normal.
clients nose and mouth. Glucose and insulin are administered together to
c. Administer 50 mL of sodium decrease serum potassium levels. This action is
bicarbonate intravenously. not appropriate based on the information
d. Administer 50 mL of 20% glucose provided
and 20 units of regular insulin.
After teaching a client who was ANS: B
malnourished and is being Starvation or a diet with too few carbohydrates
discharged, a nurse assesses the can lead to metabolic acidosis by forcing cells to
clients understanding. Which switch to using fats for fuel and by creating
statement indicates the client ketoacids as a by-product of excessive fat
correctly understood teaching to metabolism. Eating sufficient calories from all
decrease risk for the development food groups helps reduce this risk.
of metabolic acidosis?
a. I will drink at least three glasses
of milk each day.
b. I will eat three well-balanced
meals and a snack daily.
c. I will not take pain medication
and antihistamines together.
d. I will avoid salting my food when
cooking or during meals.
