NR569 Midterm 2026 Exam
Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Latest Update
How is sensitivity calculated? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Sensitivity = TP (true
positives) / (TP + FN) false negatives
How is specificity calculated? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Specificity = TN (true
negatives) / (TN + FP) false positives
What does sensitivity refer to in testing? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The ability to
correctly identify patients who HAVE a disease.
,What does specificity refer to in testing? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The ability to
recognize patients who DO NOT have a disease.
What does 'SPIN and SNOUT' mean? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔SPIN = Specific
test rule IN disease; SNOUT = Sensitive test rule OUT.
What does the SNAPPS method stand for? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔S:
Summarize, N: Narrow, A: Analyze, P: Probe, P: Plan, S: Select.
What is the role of differential diagnosis? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔To distinguish
between conditions that share similar signs and symptoms.
What types of data are gathered for differential diagnosis? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Subjective data (PMH) and objective data (physical examination).
What are the components of the ventilatory pump? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Peripheral nerves, muscles of ventilation, supporting skeleton, pleura,
and airways.
What do central chemoreceptors respond to? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Alterations
in PCO2 and pH.
,Where are peripheral chemoreceptors located? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔In the
aortic arch and carotid bodies.
What do mechanoreceptors detect? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Alterations in
pressure, flow, and volume of the respiratory system.
What do irritant receptors do? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Detect irritants in the lungs
and stimulate breathing.
What is the purpose of the ventilatory pump? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔To move air
from outside the body to the alveoli.
What is the recommended resource for interviewing skills? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Bates' guide to physical examination and history taking.
What chapter covers diagnostic reasoning in the recommended resource? -
🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Chapter 8: Diagnostic Reasoning and Decision Making.
What activates J receptors? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Interstitial edema
What activates C-fibers? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Inflammation and acute changes
in pulmonary artery pressure
Where are metaboreceptors located? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔In skeletal muscle,
activated by changes in metabolic rate during exercise
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, What do chemoreceptors respond to? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Hypoxemia, acute
hypercapnia, and acidemia
What is a common cause of recurrent dyspnea in children? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Asthma
What are associated symptoms of asthma? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cough,
especially indicating asthmatic bronchitis
What aggravates asthma symptoms? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Allergens, exercise,
noxious fumes, respiratory tract infections, recumbency, exposure to cold,
beta blockers
What are the physical findings in asthma? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Bilateral
wheezing, sibilant whistling sounds, prolonged expiration
What diagnostic study results indicate asthma? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Decreased PFR, decreased MVV, increased TV, pre/post-
bronchodilator evidence of reversible airway obstruction (>10%)
Who is at risk for pulmonary embolism? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Women using
birth control, post-operative patients, those with long-term recumbency,
phlebitis, and postpartum patients
Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Latest Update
How is sensitivity calculated? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Sensitivity = TP (true
positives) / (TP + FN) false negatives
How is specificity calculated? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Specificity = TN (true
negatives) / (TN + FP) false positives
What does sensitivity refer to in testing? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The ability to
correctly identify patients who HAVE a disease.
,What does specificity refer to in testing? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The ability to
recognize patients who DO NOT have a disease.
What does 'SPIN and SNOUT' mean? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔SPIN = Specific
test rule IN disease; SNOUT = Sensitive test rule OUT.
What does the SNAPPS method stand for? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔S:
Summarize, N: Narrow, A: Analyze, P: Probe, P: Plan, S: Select.
What is the role of differential diagnosis? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔To distinguish
between conditions that share similar signs and symptoms.
What types of data are gathered for differential diagnosis? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Subjective data (PMH) and objective data (physical examination).
What are the components of the ventilatory pump? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Peripheral nerves, muscles of ventilation, supporting skeleton, pleura,
and airways.
What do central chemoreceptors respond to? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Alterations
in PCO2 and pH.
,Where are peripheral chemoreceptors located? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔In the
aortic arch and carotid bodies.
What do mechanoreceptors detect? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Alterations in
pressure, flow, and volume of the respiratory system.
What do irritant receptors do? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Detect irritants in the lungs
and stimulate breathing.
What is the purpose of the ventilatory pump? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔To move air
from outside the body to the alveoli.
What is the recommended resource for interviewing skills? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Bates' guide to physical examination and history taking.
What chapter covers diagnostic reasoning in the recommended resource? -
🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Chapter 8: Diagnostic Reasoning and Decision Making.
What activates J receptors? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Interstitial edema
What activates C-fibers? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Inflammation and acute changes
in pulmonary artery pressure
Where are metaboreceptors located? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔In skeletal muscle,
activated by changes in metabolic rate during exercise
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, What do chemoreceptors respond to? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Hypoxemia, acute
hypercapnia, and acidemia
What is a common cause of recurrent dyspnea in children? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Asthma
What are associated symptoms of asthma? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cough,
especially indicating asthmatic bronchitis
What aggravates asthma symptoms? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Allergens, exercise,
noxious fumes, respiratory tract infections, recumbency, exposure to cold,
beta blockers
What are the physical findings in asthma? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Bilateral
wheezing, sibilant whistling sounds, prolonged expiration
What diagnostic study results indicate asthma? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Decreased PFR, decreased MVV, increased TV, pre/post-
bronchodilator evidence of reversible airway obstruction (>10%)
Who is at risk for pulmonary embolism? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Women using
birth control, post-operative patients, those with long-term recumbency,
phlebitis, and postpartum patients
