Malignant Pulmonary Nodules on CT are characterized by: - ANSWER Mixed Attentuation
Hodkin's Lymphoma is separated from other Lymphomas by the presence of: - ANSWER
Reed-Sternberg Cells
Two types of Alzheimer's mediciation: - ANSWER Acetylecholinestrearse Inhibitors
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists
Lymphatic Drainage for most of the body is via: - ANSWER Left Subclavian Vein
Hormone made in kidney's that signals the bone marrow to make more RBCs: - ANSWER
Erythropoietin
Affects woman >65
Renal Cell carcinomas mostly
Wilm's Tumor (pediatric)
covered under guidlines - ANSWER Renal Cancer
Most begins in ducts
Spreads to peritoneum, liver, lungs
Imaging neck to pelvis
Covered under CMS NCD - ANSWER Pancreatic Cancer
The Liver primarily receives blood from: - ANSWER Portal Vein and Hepatic Artery
1
,Men >65
Cardia, fundus, corpus, antrum, pylorus
Imaging Neck to Lower Pelvis
Five layers; mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, subserosa, serosa - ANSWER Gastric Cancer
Pacemaker of GI Tract - ANSWER Cells of Cajal
Breast Cancer CMS coverage - ANSWER Staging, Restaging, Monitoring response to
theraphy
Lung Cancer CMS coverage - ANSWER Initial or Subsequent treatment strategy
Two major types of Lung Cancer: - ANSWER Non-Small Cell
-More Common
-Spreads slowly
-Bone, Liver, Brain, Adrenal Glands
Small Cell
-Rapid Growth
Affects men more than women
>65 years
Squamous cell and mucinoid
Neck to pelvis imaging - ANSWER Esophageal Cancer
Initial Treatment, restaging, response to therapy, recurrance - ANSWER Esophageal Can-
cer coverage
2
,Brain structure described as "sensory relay" - ANSWER Thalamus
Physiochemical property of a PET tracer that decides it's ability to enter the brain and label
the target receptor or enzyme: - ANSWER Lipophilicity
Binds to mitochondrial complex 1
Used for myocardial perfusion imaging
Nucleophillic Substitution and Purification
Performed similar to Tc-99m Rest/Stress - ANSWER F-18 Flurpiridaz
Beta particles are electrons that contain _____________ and ____________. - ANSWER
Negatrons and Positrons
Proton rich nuclei decay either by _____________ or ______________ . - ANSWER Elec-
tron Capture or Positron decay
Mean energy of an ejected positron is about ___________ of the max energy. - ANSWER
1/3
ex: F-18 Max = 635 KeV Mean = 210 KeV
Longer range of travel for a positron before annihilation will ___________ resolution. - AN-
SWER Decrease Resolution
Annihilation Reaction - ANSWER Positron emitted from atom w/ high kin. energy
Slows, combines w/ electron
Forms postironium briefly, spin
Mass is converted to energy, release two 511 KeV photons
3
, Non-colinearity results in blurring effect on clinical PET scanners of approximately _____ mm
and angle of _____ deviation from 180. - ANSWER 2 mm
0.25 degree deviation
Ionization chamber is a ____________ detector w/ a ______________ and ______________
. - ANSWER Gas-Filled
Anode and Cathode
Operates at Low Voltage
Ionization chamber is calibrated annually using a _____________
source so that exposure rate a given distance is known. - ANSWER National Institute of
Standards and Technology ( NIST)
Gas-Filled (noble gases)
High Voltage
Secondary Ionization ---> Townsend Avalanche = high sensitivity - ANSWER Geiger-Muller
A 2D projection space representation of a transaxial image - ANSWER Sinogram
Represents shift on LOR from the center of the gantry - ANSWER X-axis sinogram
Represents projection angle of LOR - ANSWER Y-axis sinogram
CT artifact caused by a faulty detector
Produces ring or concentric circles on CT image - ANSWER Ring Artifact
Electrons are emitted from matter
4
Hodkin's Lymphoma is separated from other Lymphomas by the presence of: - ANSWER
Reed-Sternberg Cells
Two types of Alzheimer's mediciation: - ANSWER Acetylecholinestrearse Inhibitors
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists
Lymphatic Drainage for most of the body is via: - ANSWER Left Subclavian Vein
Hormone made in kidney's that signals the bone marrow to make more RBCs: - ANSWER
Erythropoietin
Affects woman >65
Renal Cell carcinomas mostly
Wilm's Tumor (pediatric)
covered under guidlines - ANSWER Renal Cancer
Most begins in ducts
Spreads to peritoneum, liver, lungs
Imaging neck to pelvis
Covered under CMS NCD - ANSWER Pancreatic Cancer
The Liver primarily receives blood from: - ANSWER Portal Vein and Hepatic Artery
1
,Men >65
Cardia, fundus, corpus, antrum, pylorus
Imaging Neck to Lower Pelvis
Five layers; mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, subserosa, serosa - ANSWER Gastric Cancer
Pacemaker of GI Tract - ANSWER Cells of Cajal
Breast Cancer CMS coverage - ANSWER Staging, Restaging, Monitoring response to
theraphy
Lung Cancer CMS coverage - ANSWER Initial or Subsequent treatment strategy
Two major types of Lung Cancer: - ANSWER Non-Small Cell
-More Common
-Spreads slowly
-Bone, Liver, Brain, Adrenal Glands
Small Cell
-Rapid Growth
Affects men more than women
>65 years
Squamous cell and mucinoid
Neck to pelvis imaging - ANSWER Esophageal Cancer
Initial Treatment, restaging, response to therapy, recurrance - ANSWER Esophageal Can-
cer coverage
2
,Brain structure described as "sensory relay" - ANSWER Thalamus
Physiochemical property of a PET tracer that decides it's ability to enter the brain and label
the target receptor or enzyme: - ANSWER Lipophilicity
Binds to mitochondrial complex 1
Used for myocardial perfusion imaging
Nucleophillic Substitution and Purification
Performed similar to Tc-99m Rest/Stress - ANSWER F-18 Flurpiridaz
Beta particles are electrons that contain _____________ and ____________. - ANSWER
Negatrons and Positrons
Proton rich nuclei decay either by _____________ or ______________ . - ANSWER Elec-
tron Capture or Positron decay
Mean energy of an ejected positron is about ___________ of the max energy. - ANSWER
1/3
ex: F-18 Max = 635 KeV Mean = 210 KeV
Longer range of travel for a positron before annihilation will ___________ resolution. - AN-
SWER Decrease Resolution
Annihilation Reaction - ANSWER Positron emitted from atom w/ high kin. energy
Slows, combines w/ electron
Forms postironium briefly, spin
Mass is converted to energy, release two 511 KeV photons
3
, Non-colinearity results in blurring effect on clinical PET scanners of approximately _____ mm
and angle of _____ deviation from 180. - ANSWER 2 mm
0.25 degree deviation
Ionization chamber is a ____________ detector w/ a ______________ and ______________
. - ANSWER Gas-Filled
Anode and Cathode
Operates at Low Voltage
Ionization chamber is calibrated annually using a _____________
source so that exposure rate a given distance is known. - ANSWER National Institute of
Standards and Technology ( NIST)
Gas-Filled (noble gases)
High Voltage
Secondary Ionization ---> Townsend Avalanche = high sensitivity - ANSWER Geiger-Muller
A 2D projection space representation of a transaxial image - ANSWER Sinogram
Represents shift on LOR from the center of the gantry - ANSWER X-axis sinogram
Represents projection angle of LOR - ANSWER Y-axis sinogram
CT artifact caused by a faulty detector
Produces ring or concentric circles on CT image - ANSWER Ring Artifact
Electrons are emitted from matter
4
