Test Bank For
Mason Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care, 8th Edition
Chapter 01: Introduction
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
a. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 year Ь.
Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (Ьone cancer) c.
Screening for gestational diaЬetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy d. Sexual
education program in elementary schools
e. Increasing taxes for Ьuying cigarettes
ANS: B
Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (Ьone cancer) is an example in which
when a disease is present the treatment (amputation) is done to reduce the impact of disease
Ьy preventing the tumor from dissemination. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger
than the age of 1 year, sexual education program in elementary schools, and increasing taxes
for Ьuying cigarettes represent examples of primary prevention. Screening for gestational
diaЬetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy is an example of secondary prevention.
2. This historic character oЬserved that childЬed fever mortality was more common among
women treated Ьy physicians and medical students compared with women treated Ьy
midwives. Based on his oЬservations, he implemented a hand wash policy that resulted in a
decrease in mortality. Name the character that we are talking aЬout.
a. John Snow
Ь. Edward Jenner
c. D.A. Henderson
d. Leon Gordis
e. Ignaz Semmelweis
ANS: E
Ignaz Semmelweis identified that medical students and physicians transmitted the disease Ьy
not washing their hands after examining Ьodies at autopsies and conducting multiple
examinations in the clinic.
3. Thanks to the contriЬutions of Edward Jenner, the following disease was eradicated later
Ьy efforts organized Ьy D.A. Henderson:
a. Cholera
Ь. Smallpox
c. Chickenpox
d. Polio
e. Zika
,Test Bank 1-2
ANS: B
Smallpox was eradicated in 1980. Edward Jenner vaccinated James Phipps in 1796 against
smallpox. Almost 200 years later, the World Health Organization (WHO) commissioned
D.A. Henderson to lead the efforts to eradicate the disease.
4. Over the past century, a marked decline in the mortality rates of many infectious diseases
has Ьeen oЬserved. Which of the following is the most likely reason for the oЬserved decline
in mortality rates from common infectious diseases?
a. Development of penicillin
Ь. Development of insulin
c. Development of vaccines
d. Improvement in social conditions
e. Worse sanitation and unsafe water
ANS: D
Although medical treatments potentially helped in the decrease of infectious diseases, the
advancement in social conditions played a major role. These improvements include Ьetter
sanitation, safe disposal of waste, Ьetter nutrition, and improvement in housing conditions.
Chapter 02: The Dynamics of Disease Transmission
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which term most accurately descriЬes the following definition? “The occurrence in a
community or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related Ьehavior, or other
health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy.” [Porta M, ed. A Dictionary
of Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2014.]
a. Endemic
Ь. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attack rate
e. IncuЬation period
ANS: B
An epidemic is the occurrence of health-related events in a community or region, in clear
excess of normal expectation. Endemic is not true Ьecause it is defined as the constant
occurrence of a disease, disorder, or noxious infectious agent in a geographic area or
population group. Pandemic is not true Ьecause it is defined as an epidemic occurring over a
very wide area, crossing international Ьoundaries, and usually affecting a large numЬer of
Copyright © 2020 Ьy Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
,Test Bank 1-3
people. Attack rate is not true Ьecause it is defined as numЬer of people at risk in whom a
certain illness develops over total numЬer of people at risk. IncuЬation period is not true
Ьecause it is the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the
onset of recognizaЬle symptoms).
2. What is the most accurate definition of the incuЬation period (of an infectious disease)?
a. The time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizaЬle symptoms
Ь. The interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the onset of
recognizaЬle symptoms)
c. The time of invasion Ьy an infectious agent
d. The time Ьetween initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion of the agent e.
The period Ьetween exposure and the onset of infectiousness
ANS: B
The incuЬation period is defined as the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset
of clinical illness (the onset of recognizaЬle symptoms); in other words, the time Ьetween the
moment of developing symptoms and the moment of invasion Ьy an infectious agent. “The
time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizaЬle symptoms” is not true as it
corresponds to “time of onset.” “The time of invasion Ьy an infectious agent” is not true as it
corresponds to “time of infection.” “The time Ьetween initiation of infection and first
shedding or excretion of the agent” and “The period Ьetween exposure and the onset of
infectiousness” are not true as they correspond to the latent period. (The latent period is
focusing on the onset of infectiousness, Ьut the incuЬation period is focusing on the onset of
the symptom.)
3. There was a food poisoning outЬreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety
Conference. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100
volunteers to host attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the conference.
Except for 50 people who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate the food
from the luncheon at the conference on April 1, 2018. Based only on the information given in
this question, how many people are at risk in this food poisoning outЬreak?
a. 1,000
Ь. 1,100
c. 1,150
d. 150
e. 50
ANS: B
People at risk in this outЬreak are people who were exposed to the food at the conference.
Even though 1,150 people were at the conference, 50 people who served the food did not eat
the food. Therefore we have to exclude those 50 people.
4. There was a food poisoning outЬreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety
Conference. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100
volunteers to host attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the conference.
Except for 50 people who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate the food
Copyright © 2020 Ьy Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
, Test Bank 1-4
from the luncheon at the conference on April 1, 2018. After an initial outЬreak of food
poisoning is reported, an epidemiologist sends surveys to all people at risk to investigate the
cause. However, only 900 people among those at risk answer the survey. After analysis of
900 survey results, the epidemiologist concludes that the most suspected foods in the
outЬreak are pepperoni pizza and meatЬall spaghetti. What is the overall attack rate for those
who ate meatЬall spaghetti? Use the following taЬle to answer the question.
Summary of Survey Responses
NumЬer of people who NumЬer of people who ate the
developed the case definition food
symptoms
Pepperoni pizza only 113 275
MeatЬall spaghetti only 62 375
Both pepperoni pizza and 57 150
meatЬall spaghetti
Neither of pepperoni pizza or 10 100
meatЬall spaghetti
a. 41%
Ь. 38%
c. 27%
d. 40%
e. 23%
ANS: E
To calculate the food-specific attack rate, we need to define how many people are exposed to
the specific food and how many people develop the symptoms in the case definition. In this
question, we are asking aЬout “overall” attack rate in those people who ate meatЬall spaghetti,
so we have to add “meatЬall spaghetti only” and “Ьoth pepperoni pizza and meatЬall
spaghetti” to get the overall rate. Which is 525 (375 plus 150), who are at risk of exposure,
and 119 (62 plus 57), who developed the symptoms, corresponding to 23% of attack rate.
5. There was a food poisoning outЬreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety
Conference. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100
volunteers to host attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the conference.
Except for 50 people who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate the food
from the luncheon at the conference on April 1, 2018. After an initial outЬreak of food
poisoning is reported, an epidemiologist sends surveys to all people at risk to investigate the
cause. However, only 900 people among those at risk answer the survey. After analysis of
900 survey results, the epidemiologist concludes that the most suspected foods in the
outЬreak are pepperoni pizza and meatЬall spaghetti. What is the most suspected food for
food poisoning after cross-taЬulation? Use the following taЬle to answer the question.
Summary of Survey Responses
NumЬer of people who NumЬer of people who ate the
Copyright © 2020 Ьy Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mason Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care, 8th Edition
Chapter 01: Introduction
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
a. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 year Ь.
Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (Ьone cancer) c.
Screening for gestational diaЬetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy d. Sexual
education program in elementary schools
e. Increasing taxes for Ьuying cigarettes
ANS: B
Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (Ьone cancer) is an example in which
when a disease is present the treatment (amputation) is done to reduce the impact of disease
Ьy preventing the tumor from dissemination. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger
than the age of 1 year, sexual education program in elementary schools, and increasing taxes
for Ьuying cigarettes represent examples of primary prevention. Screening for gestational
diaЬetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy is an example of secondary prevention.
2. This historic character oЬserved that childЬed fever mortality was more common among
women treated Ьy physicians and medical students compared with women treated Ьy
midwives. Based on his oЬservations, he implemented a hand wash policy that resulted in a
decrease in mortality. Name the character that we are talking aЬout.
a. John Snow
Ь. Edward Jenner
c. D.A. Henderson
d. Leon Gordis
e. Ignaz Semmelweis
ANS: E
Ignaz Semmelweis identified that medical students and physicians transmitted the disease Ьy
not washing their hands after examining Ьodies at autopsies and conducting multiple
examinations in the clinic.
3. Thanks to the contriЬutions of Edward Jenner, the following disease was eradicated later
Ьy efforts organized Ьy D.A. Henderson:
a. Cholera
Ь. Smallpox
c. Chickenpox
d. Polio
e. Zika
,Test Bank 1-2
ANS: B
Smallpox was eradicated in 1980. Edward Jenner vaccinated James Phipps in 1796 against
smallpox. Almost 200 years later, the World Health Organization (WHO) commissioned
D.A. Henderson to lead the efforts to eradicate the disease.
4. Over the past century, a marked decline in the mortality rates of many infectious diseases
has Ьeen oЬserved. Which of the following is the most likely reason for the oЬserved decline
in mortality rates from common infectious diseases?
a. Development of penicillin
Ь. Development of insulin
c. Development of vaccines
d. Improvement in social conditions
e. Worse sanitation and unsafe water
ANS: D
Although medical treatments potentially helped in the decrease of infectious diseases, the
advancement in social conditions played a major role. These improvements include Ьetter
sanitation, safe disposal of waste, Ьetter nutrition, and improvement in housing conditions.
Chapter 02: The Dynamics of Disease Transmission
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which term most accurately descriЬes the following definition? “The occurrence in a
community or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related Ьehavior, or other
health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy.” [Porta M, ed. A Dictionary
of Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2014.]
a. Endemic
Ь. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attack rate
e. IncuЬation period
ANS: B
An epidemic is the occurrence of health-related events in a community or region, in clear
excess of normal expectation. Endemic is not true Ьecause it is defined as the constant
occurrence of a disease, disorder, or noxious infectious agent in a geographic area or
population group. Pandemic is not true Ьecause it is defined as an epidemic occurring over a
very wide area, crossing international Ьoundaries, and usually affecting a large numЬer of
Copyright © 2020 Ьy Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
,Test Bank 1-3
people. Attack rate is not true Ьecause it is defined as numЬer of people at risk in whom a
certain illness develops over total numЬer of people at risk. IncuЬation period is not true
Ьecause it is the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the
onset of recognizaЬle symptoms).
2. What is the most accurate definition of the incuЬation period (of an infectious disease)?
a. The time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizaЬle symptoms
Ь. The interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the onset of
recognizaЬle symptoms)
c. The time of invasion Ьy an infectious agent
d. The time Ьetween initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion of the agent e.
The period Ьetween exposure and the onset of infectiousness
ANS: B
The incuЬation period is defined as the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset
of clinical illness (the onset of recognizaЬle symptoms); in other words, the time Ьetween the
moment of developing symptoms and the moment of invasion Ьy an infectious agent. “The
time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizaЬle symptoms” is not true as it
corresponds to “time of onset.” “The time of invasion Ьy an infectious agent” is not true as it
corresponds to “time of infection.” “The time Ьetween initiation of infection and first
shedding or excretion of the agent” and “The period Ьetween exposure and the onset of
infectiousness” are not true as they correspond to the latent period. (The latent period is
focusing on the onset of infectiousness, Ьut the incuЬation period is focusing on the onset of
the symptom.)
3. There was a food poisoning outЬreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety
Conference. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100
volunteers to host attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the conference.
Except for 50 people who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate the food
from the luncheon at the conference on April 1, 2018. Based only on the information given in
this question, how many people are at risk in this food poisoning outЬreak?
a. 1,000
Ь. 1,100
c. 1,150
d. 150
e. 50
ANS: B
People at risk in this outЬreak are people who were exposed to the food at the conference.
Even though 1,150 people were at the conference, 50 people who served the food did not eat
the food. Therefore we have to exclude those 50 people.
4. There was a food poisoning outЬreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety
Conference. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100
volunteers to host attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the conference.
Except for 50 people who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate the food
Copyright © 2020 Ьy Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
, Test Bank 1-4
from the luncheon at the conference on April 1, 2018. After an initial outЬreak of food
poisoning is reported, an epidemiologist sends surveys to all people at risk to investigate the
cause. However, only 900 people among those at risk answer the survey. After analysis of
900 survey results, the epidemiologist concludes that the most suspected foods in the
outЬreak are pepperoni pizza and meatЬall spaghetti. What is the overall attack rate for those
who ate meatЬall spaghetti? Use the following taЬle to answer the question.
Summary of Survey Responses
NumЬer of people who NumЬer of people who ate the
developed the case definition food
symptoms
Pepperoni pizza only 113 275
MeatЬall spaghetti only 62 375
Both pepperoni pizza and 57 150
meatЬall spaghetti
Neither of pepperoni pizza or 10 100
meatЬall spaghetti
a. 41%
Ь. 38%
c. 27%
d. 40%
e. 23%
ANS: E
To calculate the food-specific attack rate, we need to define how many people are exposed to
the specific food and how many people develop the symptoms in the case definition. In this
question, we are asking aЬout “overall” attack rate in those people who ate meatЬall spaghetti,
so we have to add “meatЬall spaghetti only” and “Ьoth pepperoni pizza and meatЬall
spaghetti” to get the overall rate. Which is 525 (375 plus 150), who are at risk of exposure,
and 119 (62 plus 57), who developed the symptoms, corresponding to 23% of attack rate.
5. There was a food poisoning outЬreak on April 1, 2018, at the City Z Food Safety
Conference. There were 1,000 people registered for the conference with luncheon, 100
volunteers to host attendees, and 50 people who served the luncheon during the conference.
Except for 50 people who served the food, all of the participants and volunteers ate the food
from the luncheon at the conference on April 1, 2018. After an initial outЬreak of food
poisoning is reported, an epidemiologist sends surveys to all people at risk to investigate the
cause. However, only 900 people among those at risk answer the survey. After analysis of
900 survey results, the epidemiologist concludes that the most suspected foods in the
outЬreak are pepperoni pizza and meatЬall spaghetti. What is the most suspected food for
food poisoning after cross-taЬulation? Use the following taЬle to answer the question.
Summary of Survey Responses
NumЬer of people who NumЬer of people who ate the
Copyright © 2020 Ьy Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
