NUR2063 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ALL
MODULES ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT GRADED A+
◉ What 4 things does pathophysiology include? Answer: Etiology,
Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment Implications
◉ What is etiology Answer: study of causes or reasons for phenomena.
Includes Idiopathic conditions that have an unknown origin or cause.
◉ What is pathogenesis? Answer: development or evolution of disease
from initial stimulus to the expression of manifestations as time occurs.
◉ What are clinical manifestations? Answer: Signs and symptoms of
disorder.
◉ What are treatment implications? Answer: Which combine the
etology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations to determine the best
treatment of condition per individual.
◉ What are signs? Answer: Objective or observed manifestations of
disease.
◉ What are symptoms? Answer: Subjective feelings of abnormality in
the body.
,◉ What is objective data Answer: What you observe and can measure.
◉ What are examples of objective data? Answer: rash, low blood
pressure, bleeding
◉ What is subjective data? Answer: What the patient may report to you
◉ What are examples of subjective data? Answer: pain scale, they feel
suicidal, fatigued.
◉ What is epidemiology? Answer: study of the patterns of disease
involving populations. Based on the spread and contact of diseases in
people.
◉ What are the levels of disease prevention? Answer: Primary,
Secondary, Tertiary
◉ Explain Primary Prevention Answer: "Preventing"; altering
susceptibility or reducing exposure of disease for people.
◉ Examples of Primary Prevention Answer: Vaccinations and
Handwashing
,◉ Explain Secondary Prevention Answer: "Screening"; early detection,
screening, and management of disease to catch disease early before it
spreads
◉ Examples of Secondary Prevention Answer: PAP smears for STDs,
lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram
◉ Explain Tertiary Prevention Answer: "Treating" and preventing
further complications from a disorder or disease after the person has the
condition
◉ Examples of Tertiary Prevention Answer: Rehab for hip surgery,
relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care after stroke to prevent
pressure ulcers.
◉ What is homeostasis? Answer: a state of equilibrium in which all
body systems are in balance and the body is at its most optimal in
functioning. Stable.
◉ What is allostasis? Answer: ability to successfully adapt to
challenges. It is not a balance but an attempt to adapt to achieve
homeostasis. Example: sweating to lower ones body temp.
◉ Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome Answer: alarm,
resistance, exhaustion
, ◉ Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome Answer: Where
the sympathetic nervous system is activated due to stress. Fight or Flight
responses are activated and energy is given off by the HPA axis to flee
or fight the danger ahead. Blood must be redirected to vital organs in
this stage to give the organs energy to work.
◉ Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome Answer: the
activity of the Parasympathetic Nervous system and the endocrine
system to return the body to homeostasis. The body should ultimately
adapt to the stressor.
◉ Explain the exhaustion stage of general adaptation syndrome Answer:
Occurs when the stressor is not removed or overcome in the body. The
body can no longer return to homeostasis after prolonged exposure to
stressor. It causes the body to be depleted and damaged that can lead to
disease or death.
◉ What complications can occur if stressors are not resolved from
general adaptation syndrome? Answer: disease can occur physically and
mentally, such as anxiety, depression, headaches, insomnia, infection,
and heart disease.
◉ Name the hormones released during alarm stage of general adaptation
syndrome Answer: Corticotrophin releasing hormone,
adrenocorticotrophic hormone, catecholamines( norepinephrine and
epinephrine) and cortisol
MODULES ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT GRADED A+
◉ What 4 things does pathophysiology include? Answer: Etiology,
Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment Implications
◉ What is etiology Answer: study of causes or reasons for phenomena.
Includes Idiopathic conditions that have an unknown origin or cause.
◉ What is pathogenesis? Answer: development or evolution of disease
from initial stimulus to the expression of manifestations as time occurs.
◉ What are clinical manifestations? Answer: Signs and symptoms of
disorder.
◉ What are treatment implications? Answer: Which combine the
etology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations to determine the best
treatment of condition per individual.
◉ What are signs? Answer: Objective or observed manifestations of
disease.
◉ What are symptoms? Answer: Subjective feelings of abnormality in
the body.
,◉ What is objective data Answer: What you observe and can measure.
◉ What are examples of objective data? Answer: rash, low blood
pressure, bleeding
◉ What is subjective data? Answer: What the patient may report to you
◉ What are examples of subjective data? Answer: pain scale, they feel
suicidal, fatigued.
◉ What is epidemiology? Answer: study of the patterns of disease
involving populations. Based on the spread and contact of diseases in
people.
◉ What are the levels of disease prevention? Answer: Primary,
Secondary, Tertiary
◉ Explain Primary Prevention Answer: "Preventing"; altering
susceptibility or reducing exposure of disease for people.
◉ Examples of Primary Prevention Answer: Vaccinations and
Handwashing
,◉ Explain Secondary Prevention Answer: "Screening"; early detection,
screening, and management of disease to catch disease early before it
spreads
◉ Examples of Secondary Prevention Answer: PAP smears for STDs,
lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram
◉ Explain Tertiary Prevention Answer: "Treating" and preventing
further complications from a disorder or disease after the person has the
condition
◉ Examples of Tertiary Prevention Answer: Rehab for hip surgery,
relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care after stroke to prevent
pressure ulcers.
◉ What is homeostasis? Answer: a state of equilibrium in which all
body systems are in balance and the body is at its most optimal in
functioning. Stable.
◉ What is allostasis? Answer: ability to successfully adapt to
challenges. It is not a balance but an attempt to adapt to achieve
homeostasis. Example: sweating to lower ones body temp.
◉ Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome Answer: alarm,
resistance, exhaustion
, ◉ Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome Answer: Where
the sympathetic nervous system is activated due to stress. Fight or Flight
responses are activated and energy is given off by the HPA axis to flee
or fight the danger ahead. Blood must be redirected to vital organs in
this stage to give the organs energy to work.
◉ Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome Answer: the
activity of the Parasympathetic Nervous system and the endocrine
system to return the body to homeostasis. The body should ultimately
adapt to the stressor.
◉ Explain the exhaustion stage of general adaptation syndrome Answer:
Occurs when the stressor is not removed or overcome in the body. The
body can no longer return to homeostasis after prolonged exposure to
stressor. It causes the body to be depleted and damaged that can lead to
disease or death.
◉ What complications can occur if stressors are not resolved from
general adaptation syndrome? Answer: disease can occur physically and
mentally, such as anxiety, depression, headaches, insomnia, infection,
and heart disease.
◉ Name the hormones released during alarm stage of general adaptation
syndrome Answer: Corticotrophin releasing hormone,
adrenocorticotrophic hormone, catecholamines( norepinephrine and
epinephrine) and cortisol
