PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 4 (NSG 3280):
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2026/2027 (GRADED A+)
AT GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING
COGNITION AND GENETIC DISORDERS REVIEW PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 4
NSG 3280
Questions and answers
Latest update 2026/2027
1.The nurse is caring for a client who has Huntingtons disease. The nurse under
stands that this autosomal dominant disorder affects which of the following organ?
Neurologic
Gastrointestinal
Muscular
Endocrine
2. The nurse is interviewing a female client who is currently taking thalidomide and just
learned they are 5 weeks pregnant. Which of the following should the nurse be concerned about?
A.Teratogenes
, B. Microcephaly
C. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
D. Cytomegalovirus
3. The nurse has attended a continuing education conference about
Genetic disorders. Which of the following should the nurse list as autosomal recessive
disorders?
1. Marfan syndrome
2. Polycystic kidney disease
3. Cystic fibrosis
4.Phenylketonuria
5. Huntingtons disease
6. Hemophilia A
A. 5,6
B. 3,4
C. 1,4
D. 2,6
3. Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Type: Autosomal recessive genetic disorder
Cause: Mutations in the CFTR gene (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator)
Effect: Defective chloride channels → thick, sticky mucus in lungs, pancreas, and other organs
Symptoms: Chronic respiratory infections, pancreatic insufficiency, salty sweat
Treatment: Symptom management (physiotherapy, antibiotics, enzyme supplements, CFTR modulators like
Trikafta)
4. Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Type: Autosomal recessive metabolic disorder
Cause: Mutation in the PAH gene (phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme)
Effect: Body cannot properly metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine, leading to its buildup
Symptoms: Intellectual disability, developmental delays, seizures, musty body odor
Treatment: Strict low-phenylalanine diet from early infancy
, 4. The nurse is preparing an inservice for nursing staff regarding skeletal changes in
older adult clients. Which information from the list below should the nurse include as
expected changes?
1. Hypertrophy of the cartilage
2.Decreased bone mass
3. Increased bone reabsorption and formation
4.Loss of bone marrow
5.Dehydration of intervertebral disks
1,5
1,3,5
2,3,4,5
2,4,5
5. The nurse is discussing autosomal dominant inheritance with a group of musing
students using the example of parents who each have a dominant gene for having 6
toes in the example both parents are A. Which of the following percentages identified
by a nursing student indicates a correct understanding of the chances that the
offspring will inherit 6 toes?
A. 75%
B. 25%
C. 100
%
D. 50%
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2026/2027 (GRADED A+)
AT GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING
COGNITION AND GENETIC DISORDERS REVIEW PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 4
NSG 3280
Questions and answers
Latest update 2026/2027
1.The nurse is caring for a client who has Huntingtons disease. The nurse under
stands that this autosomal dominant disorder affects which of the following organ?
Neurologic
Gastrointestinal
Muscular
Endocrine
2. The nurse is interviewing a female client who is currently taking thalidomide and just
learned they are 5 weeks pregnant. Which of the following should the nurse be concerned about?
A.Teratogenes
, B. Microcephaly
C. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
D. Cytomegalovirus
3. The nurse has attended a continuing education conference about
Genetic disorders. Which of the following should the nurse list as autosomal recessive
disorders?
1. Marfan syndrome
2. Polycystic kidney disease
3. Cystic fibrosis
4.Phenylketonuria
5. Huntingtons disease
6. Hemophilia A
A. 5,6
B. 3,4
C. 1,4
D. 2,6
3. Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Type: Autosomal recessive genetic disorder
Cause: Mutations in the CFTR gene (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator)
Effect: Defective chloride channels → thick, sticky mucus in lungs, pancreas, and other organs
Symptoms: Chronic respiratory infections, pancreatic insufficiency, salty sweat
Treatment: Symptom management (physiotherapy, antibiotics, enzyme supplements, CFTR modulators like
Trikafta)
4. Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Type: Autosomal recessive metabolic disorder
Cause: Mutation in the PAH gene (phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme)
Effect: Body cannot properly metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine, leading to its buildup
Symptoms: Intellectual disability, developmental delays, seizures, musty body odor
Treatment: Strict low-phenylalanine diet from early infancy
, 4. The nurse is preparing an inservice for nursing staff regarding skeletal changes in
older adult clients. Which information from the list below should the nurse include as
expected changes?
1. Hypertrophy of the cartilage
2.Decreased bone mass
3. Increased bone reabsorption and formation
4.Loss of bone marrow
5.Dehydration of intervertebral disks
1,5
1,3,5
2,3,4,5
2,4,5
5. The nurse is discussing autosomal dominant inheritance with a group of musing
students using the example of parents who each have a dominant gene for having 6
toes in the example both parents are A. Which of the following percentages identified
by a nursing student indicates a correct understanding of the chances that the
offspring will inherit 6 toes?
A. 75%
B. 25%
C. 100
%
D. 50%
